Education as a Strategic Instrument of Arabization and Islamization in the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE). DAYAH: Journal of Islamic Education, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 1, p. 1–13, 2026. DOI: 10.22373/jie.v9i1.33811. Disponível em: https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/JIE/article/view/33811. Acesso em: 9 aug. 2026.