RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS (STH) EGG CONTAMINATION IN YARD SOIL TO HELMINTHIASIS INFECTION IN CHILDREN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN GAMPONG JAWA KUTA RAJA SUB-DISTRICT

Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) are a type of intestinal worm that infects humans through soil contaminated with parasitic worms such as roundworms ( Ascaris lumbricoides) , whipworms ( Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms ( Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus ). STH infections have detrimental effects on children, which can be worrisome for their survival as well as their mental and physical development. Soil is one of the intermediaries for helminthiasis infection because surface soil is a place where worm eggs can survive for a long time. Feces from people with helminthiasis are an important source of soil contamination. This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique with 50 elementary school-aged children in Gampong Jawa, Kuta Raja District, Banda Aceh City. Examination of the incidence of worms in children is done by examining feces ( Kato-Katz method). The examination of soil samples using the floatation method . The results of the soil examination in this study showed that the soil in the children's yard was polluted by STH eggs by 26% and the soil that was not polluted by STH eggs by 74%. The highest STH contamination was Ascaris lumbricoides eggs at 43.5%. The results of fecal examination in children showed that as many as 10 people (20%) were infected with STH and 40 people (80%) were not infected with STH. Based on the Chi Square statistical test, a p-value of 0.002 was obtained, indicating that there is a significant relationship between soil pollution in the yard by STH and helminthiasis infection in children. This could becaused by factors such as poor personal hygiene and environmental sanitation.


ABSTRACT
Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) are a type of intestinal worm that infects humans through soil contaminated with parasitic worms such as roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus).STH infections have detrimental effects on children, which can be worrisome for their survival as well as their mental and physical development.Soil is one of the intermediaries for helminthiasis infection because surface soil is a place where worm eggs can survive for a long time.Feces from people with helminthiasis are an important source of soil contamination.This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique with 50 elementary school-aged children in Gampong Jawa, Kuta Raja District, Banda Aceh City.Examination of the incidence of worms in children is done by examining feces (Kato-Katz method).The examination of soil samples using the floatation method.The results of the soil examination in this study showed that the soil in the children's yard was polluted by STH eggs by 26% and the soil that was not polluted by STH eggs by 74%.The highest STH contamination was Ascaris lumbricoides eggs at 43.5%.The results of fecal examination in children showed that as many as 10 people (20%) were infected with STH and 40 people (80%) were not infected with STH.Based on the Chi Square statistical test, a p-value of 0.002 was obtained, indicating that there is a significant relationship between soil pollution in the yard by STH and helminthiasis infection in children.This could becaused by factors such as poor personal hygiene and environmental sanitation.[5].STH infections have detrimental effects on children, which can be worrisome for their survival as well as their mental and physical development.[6].These infections also negatively affect the nutritional status and development of children.[7].

Type of Research
This type of research is analytical observational using a cross-

Population and Sample
The population in this study were elementary school-aged children in Gampong Jawa, Kuta Raja Sub-district, Banda Aceh who met the inclusion criteria.
The sample in this study was determined by the purposive sampling method.A total of 50 primary schoolaged children from Gampong Jawa Village, Kuta Raja Sub-district, Banda Aceh City were selected based on the inclusion criteria.
The inclusion criteria in this b.Soil that cannot be inspected, such as soil that is too small in quantity and soil that is waterlogged.
c. Home location that is difficult to reach.

Soil Inspection
Soil samples from the children's yard were examined.The examination aims to determine the presence or absence of worm eggs in these soils.

Sampling Method
Once the location point is determined, do the following: 1) Clear the spot with an earth fork of branches, grass, and gravel.
2) Prepare a plastic bag and code the location and date of sampling with a permanent marker.
3) Scrape the surface soil at the location ± 40 x 40 cm2 using a cement scoop of ± 100 grams.6) The object glass is placed on a flat and level surface, the code written on the plastic sample clip is written with a permanent marker on the tip of the object glass.
7) Take the cover glass using tweezers and place it over the object glass.
8) The preparations are then examined under a microscope, at first with a 10x magnification; if eggs or larvae are found, they are enlarged with a 40x magnification for clarity.9) Check all samples received.

Primary Data
The primary data in this study was the collection of yard soil and feces from elementary school children from Gampong Jawa, Kuta Raja sub-district, Banda Aceh.

Secondary Data
Secondary data in this study were obtained from data on the number of primary school-age children who live in Gampong Jawa, Kuta Raja subdistrict, Banda Aceh.

Data Analysis
To analyze the relationship between yard soil pollution and STH infection, a Chi Square test was used (X 2 ) with a significant level of α = 0.05. [13].

Characteristics of Research Subjects
This

Keywords:
Soil contamination, STH, helminthiasis infection PENDAHULUAN Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infection remains a global health problem.More than 1.5 billion people, or 24% of the world's population, are infected with STH worldwide [1].In Indonesia, the prevalence of helminthiasis is still high, at 45-65%.In certain areas with poor sanitation, the prevalence of helminthiasis can reach 80%.[2].Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) refer to intestinal worms that infect humans and are transmitted through soil contaminated with parasitic worms such as roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale) and Necator americanus).[3].STH infections are transmitted through eggs excreted in the feces of an infected person.[4][1].Adult worms live in the intestines and produce thousands of eggs every day.In areas with inadequate sanitation, these eggs will contaminate the soil in various ways.Eggs can adhere to vegetables, which are then ingested without being washed, peeled, or cooked properly.Eggs can be swallowed from contaminated water sources, and eggs are ingested by children who play on contaminated soil and then put their hands in their mouths without washing their hands.[1].STH infections are common in schoolchildren.School-aged children between 5 and 15 years of age in most developing countries are at the highest risk of chronic helminthiasis infection and helminthiasis-related morbidity.
sectional design, which is, making observations or measuring variables at one specific time.[10].The method of collecting data at one time with the aim of finding the relationship between the independent variable (soil pollution by STH eggs) and the dependent variable (the incidence of helminthiasis).[11].Place and Time of Research This research was conducted in Gampong Jawa, Kuta Raja sub-district, Banda Aceh.Data collection was in the form of feces collection and soil sampling in the yard of the respondent's house.The examination of feces and soil samples was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology III, Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh.This research was conducted from June to July 2023.
study are: a. Students and parents who are willing to take part in the study and have filled out an inform consent sheet.b.Students who have not taken deworming medication within the last 6 months.c.Parents who are willing to take soil samples in their yard.d.Land around the house where children often play.e. Land around the house that is close to garbage disposal, feces and latrines.The exclusion criteria in this study are: a. Students whose yard is cement.

4)
Put the sample in different plastics according to the picking location and labeling.5) Put the sample in an icebox and take it to the laboratory.Inspection technique 1) Weigh a soil sample that has been cleaned of gravel and leaves (dry grass) as much as 5 grams.2) Put this soil into centrifuge tubes 3) Then dissolved with NaCl in a centrifuge tube, until the solution reaches the neck of the tube.4) Each centrifuge tube has one sample point 5) Close each centrifuge tube and wait for 30 minutes.If there are worm eggs and worm larvae in the soil, the eggs and larvae have floated and stuck to the cover glass.

Table 2 :
Frequency Distribution of Research Subjects Based on Age

Table 5
shows that Ascaris lumbricoides ranks first in contaminating the soil of the house yard in Gampong Jawa, Kuta Raja District, Banda Aceh City with soil contamination by Ascaris lumbricoides as much as 84.6%, then soil contamination by Trichuris trichiura as much as 15.4%.Finally Hookworm with a prevalence of 0%.

Table 6 .
Results of the Analysis of the Relationship between Soil Pollution by STH in the Yard and Helminthiasis Infection in Elementary School-Age Children.