Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology
type: channel
description: Journal Title : Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology ISSN : 2460-8920 (online) | 2460-8912 (print) DOI Prefix : Prefix 10.22373/ekw by Crossref Editor in Chief : Muhammad Ridwan Harahap Managing Editor : Abd Mujahid Hamdan Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Frequency : 2 issues per year (June and December) Citation Analysis : <a style="color: #3366ff;" href="https://doaj.org/toc/2460-8920?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222460-8912%22%2C%222460-8920%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22track_total_hits%22%3Atrue%7D" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DOAJ| Index Copernicus| Sinta | Google Scholar Elkawnie is a journal of integration science and technology with Islam. It's covering research and technology in the fields of study of architecture, biology, chemistry, environmental engineering, ICT, physical engineering, and other science and technology fields. In particular, Elkawnie's journal discusses research and technology development contributing to development as part of Muslim scientists in the academic sphere. The history of the Elkawnie Journal was started by switching the status of IAIN Ar-Raniry to UIN Ar-Raniry while the Faculty of Science and Technology of UIN Ar-Raniry was formed on October 13, 2013. As a form of institutional commitment to the tri dharma of higher education for lecturers, lecturer writing was formed in a journal. This journal is named Elkawnie. The name Elkawnie itself comes from Arabic, namely Kauniyah, which means verses that prove the signs of the existence of Allah SWT in human life. The Elkawnie Journal was formed on December 12, 2014, and began releasing for the first time in Volume 1 Number 1, June 2015. In 2018 Elkawnie was accredited by the Decree of the General Director of Strengthening Research and Development, Ministry …
publisher: Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry
language: en
publication name: Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology
issn: 2460-8920
copyright: Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access Authors who publish with the Elkawnie journal agree to the following terms: a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
items: Screening and Identification of Mangrove Plant Sonneratia alba Sm. Endophytic Bacteria From Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province
items: The Effect of Pretreatment Temperature in The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Extraction Method on DNA Quality
items: Conservation Status of Quranic Medicinal Plant Species: Review of Indonesian Case Study
items: Analysis of Microplastics of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra Using FT-IR Spectroscopy
items: Production of Lipase Enzyme by Marine Actinobacteria With Various pH and Temperature
items: Photocatalytic Degradation of Batik Cual Wastewater Using Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 Composite Derived From Tin Tailing
items: Combination of Physical Methods and Active Charcoal in Reducing Calcium Oxalate Levels in Kimpul Taro Flour (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
items: Chars From Hydrothermal and Hydrothermal Tandem Pyrolysis Carbonizations of Polyvinyl Chloride: Dechlorination Ability and Its Surface Characterization
items: Characteristics of Liquid Waste-Derived Organic Fertilizer Enriched With Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Ash Through Anaerobic Fermentation
items: Implications of Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan Deforestation on Plant Diversity for Bucerotidae Bird Feed in Aceh Province
items: Effect of Acetobacter aceti Concentration and Fermentation Time on Acetic Acid Content Produced From Seaweed Gracilaria sp.
items: Toxicity Test Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method on Extracts of Stem Bark, Stem Wood, and Leaves on Bayur (Pterospermum diversifolium B. Rob.)
items: Effect of Electrode Distance, Stirring Speed and Contact Time on Removal of Polyethylene Microplastics (Microbeads) Using Electrocoagulation Method
items: Oil Recovery From Spent Bleaching Earth With Reflux Extraction Method Using Acetonitrile and n-Hexane Solvent
items: Development of A Dyscalculia Identification Test Instrument
items: Photodegradation of Liquid Waste Using ZnO/Graphene-Like Composites
items: Analysis of The Effect of Aluminum Electrode Geometry on The Removal of Polyethylene Microbeads Using The Electrocoagulation Method in Greywater
items: The Influence of Tilt Angle of 120 WP Solar Panels on Light Intensity and Generated Electrical Power
items: An Insight of TiO2 and Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) Effect of Phase Crystalline Structures for PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane
items: Maredan Natural Clay as Raw Material for Zeolite Synthesis
items: In-Silico Analysis of Eugenol and Beta-Caryophyllene Compounds in Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) on NF-kB Protein As Anti-inflammatory Agent In Atherosclerosis
items: Generation and Characterization of Bio-Oil Obtained From The Slow Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches at Various Temperatures
items: Specific Sequence Motif of Var Gene as Predictor of Malaria Outcome
items: Arabic Diacritic-Aware Text-Audio Segmentation and Alignment Model (DASAM)
items: Revolutionizing Asphalt Engineering: Unveiling The Influence of Oil Palm Fiber Reinforcement on The Mechanical Attributes of Asphalt Mixtures
items: Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves Improves Glucose Tolerance, Glycogen Levels, and Liver Health in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
items: Removal of Lead Ion (Pb2+) in Water Using Modified Clay-Carbon-Manganese Monolith: Characterization and Adsorption Studies
items: A Pyrolysis of 80 Mesh Spirulina platensis Residue (SPR) With Fe3O4 Catalyst
items: Perception Analysis of Green Construction Implementation on Construction Projects For Contractors in Banda Aceh City
items: Tracking The Source of Antimicrobial Production From House Fly (Musca domestica): Right-Wing of Fly Or Gut System? - A Mini-Review

Screening and Identification of Mangrove Plant Sonneratia alba Sm. Endophytic Bacteria From Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province
type: item
description: Abstract: The mangrove plants from Enggano Island are found in a well-preserved ecosystem. Mangroves contain secondary metabolite compounds that result from the interaction between plants and endophytic bacteria. This study aims to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates from the mangrove plant Sonneratia alba Sm. from Enggano Island and to assess bacterial diversity. Endophytic bacteria were isolated using grinding and then diluted with serial dilutions of 10-1, 10-3, and 10-5. The growing bacteria were purified using the quadrant streak method. They were then identified by observing colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests including catalase, motility, citrate, urea, and sugar fermentation tests. Bacterial identification was carried out using Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. A total of 22 endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from the mangrove plant Sonneratia alba from Enggano Island, consisting of 4 genera: Bacillus, Marinococcus, Micrococcus, and Pseudomonas. There were 17 isolates closely related to the genus of Bacillus, 1 isolate closely related to the Marinococcus, 2 isolates closely related to the Micrococcus, and 2 isolates closely related to the Pseudomonas. Abstrak: Tumbuhan mangrove asal Pulau Enggano berada pada ekosistem yang masih terjaga. Mangrove memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang merupakan hasil interaksi antara tumbuhan dan bakteri endofit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri endofit tumbuhan mangrove Sonneratia alba Sm. asal Pulau Enggano dan mendapatkan keanekaragaman bakteri. Isolasi bakteri endofit dilakukan dengan metode gerus, kemudian diencerkan dengan pengenceran berseri dari 10-1, 10-3, dan 10-5. Bakteri yang tumbuh dimurnikan dengan metode gores kuadran. Kemudian diidentifikasi dengan mengamati morfologi koloni, pewarnaan Gram, dan uji biokimia meliputi uji katalase, uji motilitas, uji sitrat, uji urea, uji gula-gula. Kemudian dilakukan identifikasi bakteri dengan bu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: endophytic bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Enggano island
  topic: keywords
subject: bacterial screening
  topic: keywords
subject: Sonneratia alba Sm
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatimatuzzahra Fatimatuzzahra
creator: Risky Hadi Wibowo
creator: Sipriyadi Sipriyadi
creator: Putri Hezekiel Claracia Simanjuntak
creator: Yar Johan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Fatimatuzzahra, Risky Hadi Wibowo, Sipriyadi, Putri Hezekiel Claracia Simanjuntak, Yar Johan
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 274
ending page: 288
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.19120

The Effect of Pretreatment Temperature in The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Extraction Method on DNA Quality
type: item
description: Abstract: The existing DNA extraction process for Mycobacterium tuberculosis employs a pretreatment step that may not function at its full potential. This inefficient process led to complications in subsequent analysis; thus, it is necessary to determine the successful extraction method with or without adding a pretreatment step. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature pretreatment on the extraction method of M. tuberculosis on the quality of DNA for WGS examination. The research design was analytically descriptive with a kit-based extraction method from ExiPrepTM Dx Mycobacteria Genomic DNA Kit (K-4418), Bioneer. The results of this study were that DNA purity did not differ (p = 0.959) between the pretreatment heating at 950 °C (2.88) and no heating at 950 °C (2.46). DNA concentration did not differ (p-value = 0.111) between pretreatment heating 950C (0.416 ng/µL) and no heating 950C (0.653 ng/µL). The relatively low DNA concentration resulted in the DNA bands not being visualized on agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8%). In conclusion, our study showed that the pretreatment heating step on M. tuberculosis DNA extraction does not affect DNA purity, concentration, or integrity. This inefficiency step can be discarded from the M. tuberculosis DNA extraction process to simplify the extraction processing. However, other extraction kit approaches need to be explored in future studies. Abstrak: Proses ekstraksi DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang saat ini dilakukan memerlukan pretreatment yang mungkin tidak berpengaruh secara optimal. Proses yang tidak efisiensi berpengaruh terhadap analisis selanjutnya, sehingga perlu untuk mengetahui keberhasilan metode ekstraksi dengan penambahan proses pretreatment. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pretreatment suhu pada metode ekstraksi M. tuberkulosis terhadap kualitas DNA untuk pemeriksaan WGS. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan metode ekstraksi berbasis kit dari ExiPrepTM Dx Myco…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: DNA quality
  topic: keywords
subject: M. tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Temperature pretreatment
  topic: keywords
subject: Sequencing
  topic: keywords
creator: Tri Yuli Setianingsih
creator: Safira Fitri
creator: Daniel Joko Wahyono
creator: Vivi Setiawaty
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Tri Yuli Setyaningsih, Safira Fitri, Daniel Joko Wahyono, Vivi Setiawaty
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 240
ending page: 249
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.23062

Conservation Status of Quranic Medicinal Plant Species: Review of Indonesian Case Study
type: item
description: Abstract: Plant use is well documented in many religions, beliefs, and cultures, including Islam. Essential plants of Islam are mentioned in the Quran. Indonesia, a biodiversity-rich country, has numerous medicinal plants, some of which are listed in the Quran. However, scientific approaches to documenting this plant conservation still need to be improved. Thus, this study aims to provide information regarding the conservation status of Quranic medicinal plant species and the ex-situ conservation efforts conducted in Indonesia. This study was conducted using secondary data acquirement. This study found that 35 medicinal plants are listed in the Quran, with two species listed as a vulnerable conservation status. Twelve of these plants are conserved in the Indonesian botanic gardens. At the same time, the newly founded Quranic plant thematic garden in Bogor Botanic Garden also contains several Quranic medicinal plants listed in this study. This study concludes that Quranic medicinal plants exist, and some are already conserved ex-situ in Indonesia. Although conservation should be improved for plants yet to be conserved, the study data could formulate future conservation, education, and research programs covering Quranic plant botany and bioprospecting to support its conservation and sustainable utilization. Abstrak: Pemanfaatan tumbuhan telah terdokumentasi secara baik dalam berbagai agama, kepercayaan dan kebudayaan, termasuk Islam. Tumbuhan penting dalam Islam disebutkan dalam Al-Quran. Sebagai negara yang kaya biodiversitas, Indonesia memiliki banyak tumbuhan obat yang beberapa diantaranya disebutkan pula dalam Al-Quran. Namun, pendekatan ilmiah untuk mendokumentasikan status konservasi tumbuhan-tumbuhan tersebut masih perlu ditingkatkan. Karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan informasi mengenai status konservasi dan upaya konservasi ex-situ tumbuhan obat Al-Quran di Indonesia. Studi ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil studi ini menu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Ex-situ
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicinal plant
  topic: keywords
subject: Quran
  topic: keywords
creator: Saniyatun Mar'atus Solihah
creator: Farid Kuswantoro
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Saniyatun Mar'atus Solihah, Farid Kuswantoro
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 250
ending page: 262
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.24363

Analysis of Microplastics of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra Using FT-IR Spectroscopy
type: item
description: Abstract: Microplastics have become a global concern due to their wide distribution and ecological effects. Understanding the interactions between microplastics and ecosystems is important for environmental risk assessment. This study analyzed the abundance and distribution of microplastics in Lake Singkarak. Substantial microplastic research is still lacking for freshwater biota, so a study was conducted to determine the level of microplastic pollution in bilih fish tissue. The fish's size, weight, and sampling point were studied about microplastic uptake through two channels, digestion and respiration. From the results, the types of polymers identified in this study were polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate. Overall, 7.14% - 23.53% (average = 11.48%) of microplastics were identified in the D tract of bilih fish from sixteen different sampling points. While 7.69% - 17.39% (average = 11.85%) of microplastics were identified in the respiration of bilih fish. The highest percentage of the abundance of microplastic forms in the digestions identified was fiber at 70.42% and 66.82% in the digestions. At the same time, The lowest percentage identified was fragmented, with an average abundance of 29.58% in digestion and 33.32% in respiration. In conclusion, this study reveals the presence and impact of microplastics in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra, on the bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis). By examining the fish's digestive and respiratory systems and using FT-IR Spectroscopy, the research highlights the ecological and economic implications of microplastic pollution. These findings emphasize the need for targeted conservation and management strategies. Abstrak: Mikroplastik telah menjadi perhatian global karena distribusinya yang luas dan efek ekologisnya. Pemahaman tentang interaksi antara mikroplastik dengan ekosistem dinilai penting untuk penilaian risiko lingkungannya. Penelitian ini menganalisis kelimpahan dan distribusi mikroplastik di…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microplastics
  topic: keywords
subject: Digestion
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiration
  topic: keywords
subject: Bilih Fish
  topic: keywords
creator: Calysta Deli Ad'hani
creator: Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini
creator: Shinta Silvia
creator: Fitri Yuranda
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Calysta Deli Ad'hani, Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, Shinta Silvia, Fitri Yuranda
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 205
ending page: 220
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.22336

Production of Lipase Enzyme by Marine Actinobacteria With Various pH and Temperature
type: item
description: Abstract: The demand for enzymes as biocatalysts in industry is very high. Research and development of different types of enzymes from different sources has started. One very important enzyme to study is the enzyme lipase. Lipase enzymes are enzymes of the hydrolase class that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Lipases are found in a variety of sources including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Marine microorganisms, including marine actinobacteria, cannot be separated from this enzyme source's research and development process. The purpose of this study was to obtain a test protocol and optimal pH and temperature conditions for the hydrolysis reaction by lipase enzymes from marine actinobacteria. Optimal pH and temperature conditions for hydrolysis reactions by lipase enzymes from marine actinobacteria using spectrophotometry at different pH values and different temperatures of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C are measured at a wavelength of 405 nm. The results showed that the activity of the lipase enzyme at pH 9 with Tris-HCl buffer was the optimum pH, and the temperature of 70°C was the optimum temperature for the lipase hydrolysis reaction of marine actinobacteria. Abstrak: Kebutuhan enzim sebagai biokatalisator dalam bidang industri sangat tinggi. Berbagai macam enzim dari beragam sumber sudah mulai diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satu enzim yang sangat penting untuk diteliti adalah enzim lipase. Enzim lipase merupakan enzim golongan hidrolase yang mengkatalis proses hidrolisis trigliserida menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak bebas. Lipase dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai sumber seperti pada hewan, tumbuhan, dan mikroorganisme. Mikroorganisme laut tidak terlepas dari proses penelitian dan pengembangan sumber enzim ini termasuk Actinobacteria laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh protokol uji dan kondisi pH dan temperatur optimum reaksi hidrolisis …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Actinobacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Marine
  topic: keywords
subject: Hydrolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Lipase
  topic: keywords
subject: pH
  topic: keywords
subject: Temperature
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Rizqi Aulia
creator: Eva Agustriana
creator: Lenni Fitri
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Rizqi Aulia, Eva Agustriana, Lenni Fitri
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 232
ending page: 239
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.16724

Photocatalytic Degradation of Batik Cual Wastewater Using Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 Composite Derived From Tin Tailing
type: item
description: Abstract: Batik cual dye wastewater is produced from the batik cual industry in Bangka, which contains Remazol dye, which is carcinogenic and a non-biodegradable organic compound that can be a pollutant for the environment. The elevated levels of remazol dyes in Batik Cual wastewater necessitate effective and environmentally safe waste management methods. One such method is photodegradation, utilizing a Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite photocatalyst derived from tin tailings sand. The Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composites were synthesized via the hetero-agglomeration method. XRF characterization revealed that the SiO2 content, following purification with HNO3 acid leaching, reached 78.63%. XRD characterization of the tin tailings indicated the presence of peaks corresponding to quartz silica. Phase analysis using XRD diffractograms for the Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composites showed peaks of magnetite, quartz silica, and a predominant anatase TiO2 phase with strong diffraction patterns at 2θ angles of 27.42°; 39.19°; 44.00°, and 54.29°. UV-DRS analysis determined the band-gap energy of the Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 photocatalyst to be 1.9 eV. Morphological SEM analysis indicated that the synthesized Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite had a spherical, uneven, rough, and porous surface. The photodegradation of the Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite on cual batik dye waste showed that the optimal contact time for photodegradation was 60 minutes, and the catalyst dose was 500 mg at 98.1%. Consequently, these findings confirm that the Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite is a viable photocatalyst for photodegradation in handling cual batik dye waste. Abstrak: Limbah zat warna batik cual dihasilkan dari industri batik cual di Bangka yang mengandung zat warna Remazol, bersifat karsinogenik dan merupakan senyawa organik non-biodegradable yang dapat menjadi pencemar bagi lingkungan Tingginya kadar zat warna remazol pada limbah batik cual membutuhkan penanganan limbah yang tepat dan aman bagi lingkungan. Salah satu metode yang dinilai efekti…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Photodegradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Photocatalyst
  topic: keywords
subject: Composite
  topic: keywords
subject: Batik cual waste
  topic: keywords
creator: Verry Andre Fabiani
creator: Restani Eka Putri
creator: Lyra Davina
creator: Zelfia Virliana
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Verry Andre Fabiani, Restani Eka Putri, Lyra Davina, Zelfia Virliana
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 221
ending page: 231
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.20506

Combination of Physical Methods and Active Charcoal in Reducing Calcium Oxalate Levels in Kimpul Taro Flour (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
type: item
description: Abstract: Kimpul Taro tuber is a source of carbohydrates that is widely grown in Indonesia but contains anti-nutritional compounds, namely calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate can cause itching, irritation, and burning sensation in the mouth, skin, and digestive tract. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the combination of physical methods and activated charcoal on the reduction of calcium oxalate levels in Kimpul taro flour from Aceh Province, Indonesia. The physical method of boiling and steaming with and without the addition of 6% activated charcoal was used in this study. The parameters observed in this study were calcium oxalate content, water content, ash content, crude fiber content, water absorption, and total starch. The results showed that physical treatment can reduce levels of calcium oxalate in Kimpul taro flour. The lowest levels of calcium oxalate were obtained in the boiling method, with calcium oxalate levels of 25.82 mg/100 g. Low oxalate Kimpul taro flour can be used as a local food raw material for food diversification and to reduce the use of wheat flour. Abstrak: Talas Kimpul merupakan sumber karbohidrat yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia, namun mengandung komponen anti nutrisi yang disebut kalsium oksalat. Kalsium oksalat dapat menyebabkan gatal, iritasi, sensasi terbakar pada mulut, kulit, dan saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh kombinasi metode fisik dan arang aktif terhadap penurunan kadar kalsium oksalat pada talas Kimpul di Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia. Metode fisik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah perebusan dan pengukusan dengan dan tanpa penambahan 6% arang aktif. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar kalsium oksalat, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar serat kasar, daya serap air, dan total pati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan fisik dapat menurunkan kadar kalsium oksalat pada talas Kimpul. Kadar kalsium oksalat terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan metode perebusan yaitu 25,82 mg/…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Activated charcoal
  topic: keywords
subject: boiling
  topic: keywords
subject: calcium oxalate
  topic: keywords
subject: kimpul
  topic: keywords
subject: steaming
  topic: keywords
creator: Santi Noviasari
creator: Zaidiyah Zaidiyah
creator: Yanti Meldasari Lubis
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Santi Noviasari, Zaidiyah Zaidiyah, Yanti Meldasari Lubis
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 263
ending page: 273
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.17701

Chars From Hydrothermal and Hydrothermal Tandem Pyrolysis Carbonizations of Polyvinyl Chloride: Dechlorination Ability and Its Surface Characterization
type: item
description: Abstract: The hydrothermal carbonization method has been applied in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) conversion. The polymer was transformed to char safely without the formation of harmful emissions. PVC's chlorine content was removed through a nucleophilic reaction by reactive subcritical water and captured by alkali ions as stable salt. The PVC bulk was dechlorinated and carbonized by subcritical water inside the hydrothermal reactor at 200 °C for 120 minutes. The solid chars obtained then were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red, Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and Transmission Electron Microscope. As a comparison, the chars were also pyrolyzed further to obtain the thermal char characteristics. The char products obtained by hydrothermal (hydrochar) and hydrothermal-pyrolysis (hydro-pyrochar) yielded 94.96% and 48.08%, respectively. The infrared spectra showed that both hydrochar and hydro-pyrochar consist of aliphatic carbon and hydrophilic functional groups of C=O and OH. The morphological images observed by Scanning Electron Microscope on the magnification of 3000x showed the smooth granular particle for hydrochar and the irregular rough particle for hydro-pyrochar. The chlorine contents from surface analysis by energy dispersive X-ray in hydrochar were decreased down to 23.24 mass percentage from 56.80 mass percentage in PVC, while in hydro-pyrochar, there is no chlorine content observed in the particle surfaces. The particle images investigated by Transmission Electron Microscope revealed that the particle shape of hydrochar was granular while the hydro-pyrochar was cylindrical. The particle sizes of hydrochar and hydro-pyrochar were calculated in the range of 36-180 nm and 8-40 nm, respectively. Abstrak: Metode karbonisasi hidrotermal telah berhasil diaplikasikan dalam konversi polivinil klorida (PVC). Polimer diubah menjadi arang dengan cara yang aman tanpa menghasilkan emisi berbahaya. Klorin dalam PVC dikeluarkan melalui reaksi nu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: polyvinylchloride
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrothermal carbonization
  topic: keywords
subject: surface characterization
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrochar
  topic: keywords
subject: hydro-pyrochar
  topic: keywords
creator: Muslem Muslem
creator: Hayatun Nufus
creator: Muammar Yulian
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muslem Muslem, Hayatun Nufus, Muammar Yulian
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 289
ending page: 300
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.25852

Characteristics of Liquid Waste-Derived Organic Fertilizer Enriched With Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Ash Through Anaerobic Fermentation
type: item
description: Abstract: Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is an organic waste with high levels of BOD, N, P, K, and Mg. Its presence in rivers and soil has led to pollution and negative impacts on the environment. One potential solution to this issue is transforming POME into a valuable liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of LOF derived from POME-derived LOF enriched with oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) ash through anaerobic fermentation. A 3.5 L of POME and molasses (5% v/v) were introduced into the anaerobic reactor. OPEFB ash was then added at concentrations of 0.35%, 0.46%, and 0.57% w/v. Fermentation was conducted for 5, 8, and 11 days, and Effective Microorganisms (EM4) with concentrations of 1% and 2% v/v were employed to accelerate LOF formation. The evaluation of LOF involved testing its physical characteristics (color, smell, gas, foam, temperature, and EC), fertilizer chemistry (pH, C-organic, Nitrogen, P2O5, and K2O), and biological aspects (contaminant bacteria E. coli). The results of the physical observations indicated that all LOF variations had fully fermented after 11 days, characterized by the presence of an alcohol-like odor, brownish color, absence of foam, and gas bubbles. Chemical tests revealed that LOF B2 and LOF A1, fermented for 8 days, exhibited the highest levels of N, P, and K, which were 0.08%, 0.05%, 1.26% for LOF B2, and 0.085%, 0.023%, 1.24% for LOF A1, respectively. Furthermore, the test result for E. coli in the LOF B2 and LOF A1 samples after 8 days of fermentation indicated that the E. coli level was below 3 MPN per mL. This confirms that the obtained LOF meets the minimum technical requirements specified in the Minister of Agriculture Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, the LOF is suitable for industrial-scale production and application in the agricultural sector. Abstrak: Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (POME) merupakan limbah organik dengan kadar BOD, N, P, K, dan Mg yang tinggi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: liquid organic fertilizer
  topic: keywords
subject: anaerobic fermentation
  topic: keywords
subject: POME
  topic: keywords
subject: OPEFB ash
  topic: keywords
creator: Rafi Mariska
creator: Muhammad Faisal
creator: Cut Meurah Rosnelly
creator: Erisna Mirda
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Rafi Mariska, Muhammad Faisal, Cut Meurah Rosnelly, Erisna Mirda
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 318
ending page: 333
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.18444

Implications of Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan Deforestation on Plant Diversity for Bucerotidae Bird Feed in Aceh Province
type: item
description: Abstract: This study investigates the ecological impact of forest destruction within the Pocut Meurah Intan Grand Forest Park, specifically focusing on its implications for food availability for the avian family Bucerotidae. The research aims to examine the practices contributing to forest destruction within the Tahura ecosystem, analyze the consequential effects of this destruction on the diversity of food sources available to Bucerotidae species, and propose potential solutions to mitigate the identified challenges to Bucerotidae sustenance. Employing an exploratory survey methodology, the research utilizes direct observation techniques to gather data at the study site. Qualitative descriptive analysis is employed to interpret the collected data and draw meaningful conclusions. The distribution of deforestation locations was analyzed using ArcGIS software. The distribution of forest damage is displayed in maps, pictures, and tables. The study results showed that forest damage in the Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan area resulted in forest conversion into plantations, illegal logging, and forest burning for business purposes. There are nine species of bird feed plants in the Bucerotidae family found in Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan. The implications of forest destruction include decreasing the number of bird feed plants of the Bucerotidae family. The species were Ara Hutan (Ficus fistulosa Reinw ex Blume), Beringin (Ficus benjamina L), Empanai (Ficus altassima L), Ndalai (Ficus ampelas Burm.F), Medang (Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robinson), Rambai (Baccaurea bracteata Müll.Arg), Walen (Ficus virens W.A.T.). The remaining nine species are dominated by the Moracea family (77%); in addition, there are also plant species from the Euphorbiaceae (14%) and Phyllanthaceae (9%). Ensuring the sustained availability of food plant resources for the Bucerotidae family necessitates a multi-pronged approach; Habitat restoration through the reclamation of degraded forest areas is crucial; …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Deforestation
  topic: keywords
subject: Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan
  topic: keywords
subject: Forage Plants Bucerotidae
  topic: keywords
creator: Samsul Kamal
creator: Djufri Djufri
creator: Muhammad Ali Sarong
creator: Muhammad Rusdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Samsul Kamal, Djufri Djufri, Muhammad Ali Sarong, Muhammad Rusdi
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 301
ending page: 317
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.26691

Effect of Acetobacter aceti Concentration and Fermentation Time on Acetic Acid Content Produced From Seaweed Gracilaria sp.
type: item
description: Abstract: This study evaluates the conversion of Gracilaria sp. seaweed into acetic acid using the bacterium Acetobacter aceti. Acid hydrolysis breaks down the carbohydrates in Gracilaria sp. into glucose, which is then fermented by Acetobacter aceti to produce acetic acid. Assessed the impact of varying concentrations of Acetobacter aceti and different fermentation durations on acetic acid yield. Results indicated that Gracilaria sp. produced bioethanol at approximately 7.108% using bread yeast and 1.572% with tapai yeast. The bioethanol from bread yeast was used for fermentation. FTIR analysis revealed specific absorption peaks for hydroxyl (OH) at 3248 cm⁻¹, carbonyl (C=O) at 1635.64 cm⁻¹, and carbon-oxygen (C-O) at 1249 cm⁻¹. Acetic acid concentrations were influenced by the concentration of Acetobacter aceti (5%, 10%, 15%) and fermentation time (7, 10, 13 days), with the highest concentration of 0.380% achieved after 10 days at 10% Acetobacter aceti. Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengevaluasi perubahan rumput laut Gracilaria sp. menjadi asam asetat menggunakan bakteri Acetobacter aceti. Hidrolisis asam memecah karbohidrat dalam Gracilaria sp. menjadi glukosa, yang kemudian difermentasi menggunakan Acetobacter aceti untuk menghasilkan asam asetat. Pengaruh dari berbagai konsentrasi Acetobacter aceti dan durasi fermentasi yang berbeda pada hasil asam asetat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bioetanol Gracilaria sp. diproduksi sekitar 7,108% menggunakan ragi roti dan 1,572% dengan ragi tapai. Bioetanol dari ragi roti digunakan untuk fermentasi. Analisis FTIR mengungkapkan puncak serapan spesifik untuk hidroksil (OH) pada 3248 cm⁻¹, karbonil (C=O) pada 1635,64 cm⁻¹, dan karbon-oksigen (C-O) pada 1249 cm⁻¹. Konsentrasi asam asetat dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi Acetobacter aceti (5%, 10%, 15%) dan lama fermentasi (7, 10, 13 hari), dengan konsentrasi tertinggi sebesar 0,380% dicapai setelah 10 hari pada 10% Acetobacter aceti.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gracilaria sp
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioethanol
  topic: keywords
subject: Acetic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Fermentation
  topic: keywords
subject: Yeast
  topic: keywords
subject: Acetobacter aceti
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Ridwan Harahap
creator: Reni Silvia Nasution
creator: Husniah Nadhifa
creator: Ana Khairani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Ridwan Harahap, Reni Silvia Nasution, Husniah Nadhifa, Ana Khairani
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 125
ending page: 137
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v9i1.26631

Toxicity Test Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method on Extracts of Stem Bark, Stem Wood, and Leaves on Bayur (Pterospermum diversifolium B. Rob.)
type: item
description: Abstract: Ethnobotanically, the leaves of P. diversifolium are used as a medicine for itching and the root bark is used as fish poison. The traditional use of natural materials should be followed by scientific studies. This study aims to determine the toxicity of the stem bark, stem wood, and leaf tissue extracts of P. diversifolium using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Extraction using maceration method with ethanol solvent for 3 x 24 hours. The macerate was filtered and the extract obtained was evaporated until a crude extract was obtained. The three ethanol extracts obtained were tested for toxicity and obtained LC50 values of stem bark = 4,753 ppm, stem wood = 97,723 ppm, and leaves = 27,797 ppm. All extracts were declared non-toxic because the LC50 value was more than 1000 ppm. Abstrak: Secara etnobotani, daun P. diversifolium digunakan sebagai obat gatal serta kulit akarnya sebagai racun ikan. Penggunaan bahan alam secara tradisional seharusnya diikuti kajian ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas pada ekstrak jaringan kulit batang, kayu batang, dan daun P.diversifolium dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol selama 3 x 24 jam. Maserat disaring dan ekstrak yang peroleh dievaporasi sampai didapatkan ekstrak kental. Ketiga ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh diuji toksisitasnya dan diperoleh nilai LC50 kulit batang = 4.753 ppm, kayu batang = 97.723 ppm, dan daun = 27.797 ppm. Semua ekstrak dinyatakan tidak toksik karena nilai LC50 lebih dari 1.000 ppm.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: P. diversifolium
  topic: keywords
subject: toxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: bayur
  topic: keywords
creator: Zakaria Zakaria
creator: Nunuk Hariani Soekamto
creator: Nasriadi Dali
creator: Hilda Ayu Melvi Amalia
creator: Syamsidar Haji Syarifuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Zakaria Zakaria, Nunuk Hariani Soekamto, Nasriadi Dali, Hilda Ayu Melvi Amalia, Syamsidar Haji Syarifuddin
date: 2024-06-21
publication date: 2024-06-21
starting page: 42
ending page: 51
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.20380

Effect of Electrode Distance, Stirring Speed and Contact Time on Removal of Polyethylene Microplastics (Microbeads) Using Electrocoagulation Method
type: item
description: Abstract: Daily use of personal care products containing microbeads causes severe problems for the aquatic environment. Greywater is a pathway for microbeads to enter domestic waste and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from personal care products. Their tiny size and hydrophobic nature allow microbeads to escape from WWTPs and end up in surface water. Therefore, processing efforts are needed to remove microbeads, one of which is using the electrocoagulation method with aluminum (Al) electrodes. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the electrocoagulation process using Al electrodes arranged in a monopolar configuration in a batch reactor to see the effect of variations in distance between electrodes of 1, 2.5, and 3.5 cm, stirring speed of 150, 200, and 250 rpm; with the contact time 60, 120, and 180 minutes in removing microbeads from artificial wastewater. This research shows that the best efficiency value of 99.30% occurs in operating conditions with a distance between electrodes of 2.5 cm, a stirring speed of 150 rpm, and a contact time of 180 minutes. ANOVA results showed that distance between electrodes, stirring speed, and contact time significantly affected microbead removal efficiency (p<0.05). The results of this research can be a reference for alternative tertiary processing at WWTPs. Abstrak: Penggunaan produk perawatan pribadi sehari-hari yang mengandung microbeads menyebabkan masalah serius bagi lingkungan perairan. Greywater merupakan jalur masuknya microbeads ke dalam limbah domestik dan instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) dari produk perawatan pribadi. Ukurannya yang sangat kecil dan sifat hidrofobiknya memungkinkan microbeads keluar dari IPAL dan berakhir ke air permukaan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya pengolahan untuk menyisihkan microbeads, salah satunya dengan menggunakan metode elektrokoagulasi dengan elektroda aluminium (Al). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja proses elektrokoagulasi menggunakan elektroda Al …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microbeads
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrocoagulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrolysis Time
  topic: keywords
creator: Fadhila Fadhila
creator: Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini
creator: Amir Husin
creator: Ferdy Ashari Syawal
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Fadhila Fadhila, Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, Amir Husin, Ferdy Ashari Syawal
date: 2024-06-22
publication date: 2024-06-22
starting page: 158
ending page: 168
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.22195

Oil Recovery From Spent Bleaching Earth With Reflux Extraction Method Using Acetonitrile and n-Hexane Solvent
type: item
description: Abstract: The growth of the oleochemical industry generated a large amount of spent bleaching earth (SBE) solid waste that causes environmental problems. The SBE solid waste produced is reported at about 600,000 metric tons per year. Recovery of the oil from SBE can be an alternative solution to reduce the negative impact of SBE solid waste. In this study, the recovery of oil from SBE was carried out by the reflux extraction method followed by a study on its properties. The oil recovery process was conducted by using two different solvents (acetonitrile and n-hexane) at different particle sizes (40, 60, 100 mesh) of SBE, solvent-SBE ratios (2:1, 3:1, 4:1), and extraction time (1, 2, 3 hours). Experimental results showed that n-hexane extracted oil with yield ranged from 5 to 14.8%, while acetonitrile extracted oil with yield ranged from 0.68 to 8.4%. Product analysis shows that the oil extracted has a water content of 1.56% and 2.53% for acetonitrile and n-hexane, respectively. The viscosity analysis results show that the oil viscosities were 5.83 cSt (acetonitrile) and 5.09 cSt (n-hexane) which is in reasonable agreement with the Indonesian National Standard for vegetable oil (SNI 7709:2019). The result suggested that n-hexane provided better product yield than acetonitrile as a solvent for oil recovery from SBE. This study provides an alternative method and solution for the oleochemical industry in managing SBE waste. Abstrak : Pertumbuhan industri oleokimia menghasilkan limbah padat berupa tanah pemucat (spent bleaching earth/ SBE) yang mengakibatkan permasalahan lingkungan. Limbah padat SBE yang dihasilakn dilaporkan sekitar 600.000 ton per tahun. Pemisahan minyak dari SBE dapat menjadi alternatif penyelesaian masalah untuk menurunkan dampak negatif dari limbah SBE. Dalam penelitian ini, recovery minyak dari SBE dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi reflux dan dilanjutkan karakterisasi hasil minyak. Recovery minyak dilakukan dengan dua jenis pelarut (asetonitril and…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: acetonitrile
  topic: keywords
subject: n-hexane
  topic: keywords
subject: oil recovery
  topic: keywords
subject: reflux
  topic: keywords
subject: spent bleaching earth
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryudi Maryudi
creator: Aster Rahayu
creator: Totok Eka Suharto
creator: Dhias Cahya Hakika
creator: Ahmad Fatwa Zufar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Maryudi Maryudi, Aster Rahayu, Totok Eka Suharto, Dhias Cahya Hakika, Ahmad Fatwa Zufar
date: 2024-06-22
publication date: 2024-06-22
starting page: 75
ending page: 87
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.16791

Development of A Dyscalculia Identification Test Instrument
type: item
description: Abstract: This research aims to develop a dyscalculia test instrument for early identification of children with dyscalculia learning disorders through a series of validity and reliability tests involving various experts from various related fields. This research uses the Tessmer model in developing test instruments through several stages, including: preliminary, self evaluation, prototyping (expert reviews, one-to-one, and small group), and field tests. The research results show that each research variable, namely X1 (type A), X2 (type B), and X3 (Dyscalculia), has met high validity. All question items in these three variables have an r-value that exceeds the r-table, ensuring that the instrument measures what it is intended to measure and reflects the construct accurately. The reliability test results show that each variable has a raw_alpha above 0.80, which reflects very high reliability. This shows that the instrument has the ability to produce consistent and reliable results under repeated use and on different samples. So that the instrument developed can be used to identify and diagnose dyscalculic children in helping dyscalculic children overcome the difficulty of learning mathematics. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen tes diskalkulia untuk mengidentifikasi awal anak dengan gangguan belajar diskalkulia melalui serangkaian uji validitas dan reliabilitas yang melibatkan berbagai pihak ahli dari berbagai bidang terkait. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Tessmer dalam mengembangkan instrumen tes melalui beberapa tahapan, antara lain: preliminary, self evaluation, prototyping (expert reviews, one-to-one, dan small group), dan field test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap variabel penelitian, yakni X1 (tipe A), X2 (tipe B), dan X3 (Diskalkulia), telah memenuhi validitas yang tinggi. Semua item soal di ketiga variabel tersebut memiliki r-hitung yang melebihi r-tabel, memastikan bahwa instrumen mengukur apa yang dimaksudkan untuk d…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: dyscalculia
  topic: keywords
subject: test instruments
  topic: keywords
subject: question development
  topic: keywords
creator: Budi Azhari
creator: Rahmah Johar
creator: Evi Ramadhani
creator: Mailizar Mailizar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Budi Azhari, Rahmah Johar, Evi Ramadhani, Mailizar Mailizar
date: 2024-06-26
publication date: 2024-06-26
starting page: 184
ending page: 204
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.23347

Photodegradation of Liquid Waste Using ZnO/Graphene-Like Composites
type: item
description: Abstract: The development of industries such as textiles, dyes, plastics, medicines, cosmetics, and others is increasing along with a rise in production, leading to a high amount of liquid waste generated. Non-biodegradable, toxic, and carcinogenic liquid waste can cause environmental pollution to surrounding water. To address this challenge, biomass waste such as palm kernel shells can be used to treat liquid waste by compositing it with photocatalyst materials. Therefore, this research aimed to obtain ZnO/graphene-like composites to degrade liquid waste. ZnO/Graphene-like composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method, followed by calcination. The performance test was carried out by varying the types of methylene blue, methyl orange, and phenol waste with an initial concentration of 10 ppm, alongside the variations of ultraviolet (UV) and mercury lamps. Subsequently, characterization was carried out using SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, UV-Vis DRS, and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the percent degradation of methylene blue under UV and mercury were 83.42% and 84.93 % respectively, while methyl orange in the same conditions was 94.83% and 97.17%, respectively. Furthermore, the percent degradation of phenol in UV light and mercury were 86.03% and 89.62%, respectively. This showed that the use of mercury lamps on methyl orange was more effective than UV lamps on methylene blue and phenol. Abstrak: Perkembangan industri seperti industri tekstil, pewarna, plastik, obat-obatan, kosmetik, dan lain-lain semakin meningkat dengan seiring bertambahnya jumlah produksi sehingga jumlah limbah yang dihasilkan juga meningkat salah satunya limbah cair. Limbah cair yang tidak dapat terurai secara biologis, beracun, dan karsinogenik ke perairan terdekat mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan. Disisi lain, limbah biomassa seperti cangkang sawit dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengolah limbah cair, salah satunya mengkompositkan dengan material fotokatalis. Penelitian ini ber…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Photodegradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Photocatalytic
  topic: keywords
subject: Graphene-like
  topic: keywords
subject: liquid waste
  topic: keywords
subject: ZnO
  topic: keywords
creator: Desi Heltina
creator: Raihan Daffansyah Sinaga
creator: Yayan Setiawan
creator: M Iwan Fermi
creator: Amun Amri
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Desi Heltina, Raihan Daffansyah Sinaga, Yayan Setiawan, M Iwan Fermi, Amun Amri
date: 2024-06-22
publication date: 2024-06-22
starting page: 125
ending page: 142
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.21000

Analysis of The Effect of Aluminum Electrode Geometry on The Removal of Polyethylene Microbeads Using The Electrocoagulation Method in Greywater
type: item
description: Abstract: The increasing use of cosmetics and personal care products containing small-sized and low-density microbeads will disrupt the aquatic environment because they are difficult to remove in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Electrocoagulation (EC) is an effective technology for removing microbeads from greywater. This research aims to develop an effective cylindrical electrode geometry design in the EC process to reduce electrode passivation, as evidenced by the removal of polyethylene (PE) microbeads from greywater, reduced energy consumption, and the analysis of the EC kinetics model. Experiments were carried out on batch and continuous systems using artificial greywater with an initial concentration of 0.5 g/L. Variations made in the batch system are the geometry of the cylindrical electrode without holes (ESTB), a cylindrical electrode with holes (ESB), a cylindrical electrode with anode with holes, and a cathode with no holes (ESB-A), a cylindrical electrode with cathode, with holes and anode with no holes (ESB-K), and plate electrode (EP). The variations carried out in the continuous system were flow rates of 60, 70, 80, and 90 mL/minute using the best electrode geometry design obtained from the batch system. The best removal efficiency of PE microbeads in a batch system was 98.44% in ESB-K geometry and saved 75% energy consumption compared to EP. The best removal efficiency of PE microbeads in a continuous system was 79.76% at a flow rate of 60 mL/minute. The kinetic model of the EC reaction which corresponds to the removal process of PE microbeads is a first-order reaction. Future research should focus on optimizing the design of continuous reactors so that they can be applied to tertiary processing in domestic WWTPs and industrial WWTPs. Abstrak: Meningkatnya penggunaan kosmetik dan produk perawatan pribadi (CPCP) yang mengandung microbeads berukuran kecil dan berkepadatan rendah akan mengganggu lingkungan perairan karena sulit disisihkan di instal…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: greywater
  topic: keywords
subject: polyethylene microbeads
  topic: keywords
subject: electrocoagulation
  topic: keywords
subject: electrode geometry
  topic: keywords
subject: reaction kinetics
  topic: keywords
creator: Ferdy Ashari Syawal
creator: Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini
creator: Shinta Indah
creator: Fadhila Fadhila
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ferdy Ashari Syawal, Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, Shinta Indah, Fadhila Fadhila
date: 2024-06-26
publication date: 2024-06-26
starting page: 169
ending page: 183
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.22307

The Influence of Tilt Angle of 120 WP Solar Panels on Light Intensity and Generated Electrical Power
type: item
description: Abstract: In designing solar panel devices, generally the tilt angle of the panel surface is designed with a static design and this greatly influences the results of the electricity source generated. The design of the tool is intended to be in coordinates that are perpendicular to the direction of the sunlight rays so that it receives maximum solar radiation. This research aims to determine the relationship between the tilt angle of the solar panels and the light intensity and electrical power generated and to determine the optimal tilt angle of the solar panels based on the values of light intensity and electrical power. The indicators measured consist of light intensity, voltage, current and electrical power by varying the tilt angle of the solar panel. The results of this research show that the tilt angle of the solar panel greatly influences the measured light intensity value so that the greater the light intensity obtained, the higher the output voltage of the solar panel. The most optimal tilt angle is at an angle of 105o and 120o with the greatest light intensity so that the resulting output power is correspondingly greater. Abstrak: Dalam merancang alat panel surya, pada umumnya posisi kemiringan dari permukaan panel dirancang dengan desain statis sangat mempengaruhi hasil dari sumber listrik yang dihasilkan. Rancangan alat diupayakan berada di koordinat yang tegak lurus dengan arah pancaran cahaya matahari agar menerima radiasi matahari yang maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan posisi kemiringan panel surya terhadap intensitas cahaya dan daya listrik yang dihasilkan serta mengetahui posisi kemiringan panel surya yang optimal berdasarkan nilai intensitas cahaya dan daya listriknya. Indikator yang diukur terdiri dari intensitas cahaya, tegangan, arus, dan daya listrik dengan memvariasikan posisi kemiringan dari panel surya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan posisi kemiringan sebuah panel surya sangat mempengaruhi nilai intensitas cahaya…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: tilt angle
  topic: keywords
subject: light intensity
  topic: keywords
subject: electrical power
  topic: keywords
subject: solar panel
  topic: keywords
creator: Masthura Masthura
creator: Abdul Halim Daulay
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Masthura Masthura, Abdul Halim Daulay
date: 2024-06-22
publication date: 2024-06-22
starting page: 115
ending page: 124
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.20407

An Insight of TiO2 and Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) Effect of Phase Crystalline Structures for PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane
type: item
description: Abstract: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes have excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability. However, their hydrophobicity can lead to fouling and hinder permeability. Modifying this hydrophobicity is challenging due to PVDF's complex polymorphous structures, with the β-phase offering superior fouling resistance. One approach to improve PVDF hollow fiber membranes is the addition of inorganic additive materials to reduce hydrophobicity. The objective of this study is to offer new insights into the preparation of PVDF hollow fiber membranes using wet spinning with various additives, such as TiO2 and SBE. The investigation focused on the functional groups of PVDF in both the α and β phases. The membrane was fabricated using regenerated SBE and TiO2, which were incorporated through dope solution preparation and phase inversion through a wet spinning technique. The study used the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique to characterize the PVDF hollow fiber membranes. The study found that the PVDF hollow fiber membranes exhibit differences in α and β phase crystalline structures when combined with various additives. The addition of SBE to PVDF hollow fiber membranes results in a dominant β-phase crystalline structure, as indicated by the relative fraction of 0.70 and the largest peak area of 2.27. This has successfully improved the hydrophilic properties of the PVDF-SBE hollow fiber membrane. Abstrak: Membran hollow fiber polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) memiliki sifat mekanik dan stabilitas kimia yang sangat baik. Namun, sifat hidrofobiknya dapat menyebabkan fouling dan menurunkan permeabilitas membran. Oleh karena itu memodifikasi sifat hidrofobisitas ini cukup menantang karena struktur polimorf PVDF yang kompleks, terutama dengan keberadaan fase β yang memberikan ketahanan terhadap fouling. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan membran hollow fiber PVDF adalah dengan penambahan bahan aditif anorganik untuk meng…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: PVDF
  topic: keywords
subject: hollow fiber membrane
  topic: keywords
subject: α phase
  topic: keywords
subject: ꞵ phase
  topic: keywords
subject: TiO2
  topic: keywords
subject: SBE
  topic: keywords
creator: Rhafiq Abdul Ghani
creator: Muthia Elma
creator: Aulia Rahma
creator: Wahyu Wahyu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Rhafiq Abdul Ghani, Muthia Elma, Aulia Rahma, Wahyu
date: 2024-06-22
publication date: 2024-06-22
starting page: 143
ending page: 157
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.21455

Maredan Natural Clay as Raw Material for Zeolite Synthesis
type: item
description: Abstract: The Maredan Riau clay contains alumina silica components, which can serve as raw material for zeolite synthesis. This research has been conducted on the effects of aging time and crystallization temperature during the zeolite synthesis process, which is the result of converting Maredan clay raw materials. The synthesis of zeolite follows a series of steps, including activation of natural clay using 1M H2SO4 and calcination at 650oC, curing of the post-calcination clay in 5 M NaOH, crystallization at different temperatures (80, 90, and 100ºC) for 8 hours, setting the final pH to up to 8 and drained. The solid obtained in zeolite was characterized to determine the ratio of Si/Al, type of zeolite and crystallinity, functional groups, and zeolite surface morphology. The analysis results with XRF at a crystallization temperature of 100°C showed that the Si/Al zeolite ratio was 1.75 which corresponds to the Si/Al ratio of sodalite-type zeolite. Accordingly, analysis with XRD also supports the formation of sodalite with a crystallinity of 51% and a crystal size of 30.03 nm. The FTIR and SEM characterization respectively showed the presence of D4R or D6R double ring external vibration of the sodalite at wave number 558.42 cm-1 and its morphology was round with petals which is a typical morphology of sodalite. It was concluded that the increase in crystallization temperature caused the crystallinity of the resulting sodalite to increase as well. Abstrak: Lempung Maredan Riau mengandung komponen alumina silika, yang dapat berperan sebagai bahan baku untuk sintesis zeolit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati efek waktu aging dan suhu kristalisasi selama proses sintesis zeolit, yang merupakan hasil konversi bahan baku lempung Maredan. Sintesis zeolit mengikuti serangkaian tahap, di antaranya aktivasi lempung alam menggunakan 1M H2SO4 dan kalsinasi pada suhu 650oC, pemeraman lempung pasca kalsinasi di dalam 5 M NaOH, kristalisasi pada suhu yang berbeda (80, 90 dan 100ºC…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: crystallization
  topic: keywords
subject: natural clay
  topic: keywords
subject: maredan
  topic: keywords
subject: reflux
  topic: keywords
subject: sodalite
  topic: keywords
creator: Akmaluddin Akmaluddin
creator: Nurmasitoh Nurmasitoh
creator: Muhdarina Muhdarina
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Akmaluddin Akmaluddin, Nurmasitoh Nurmasitoh, Muhdarina Muhdarina
date: 2024-06-21
publication date: 2024-06-21
starting page: 63
ending page: 74
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.15626

In-Silico Analysis of Eugenol and Beta-Caryophyllene Compounds in Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) on NF-kB Protein As Anti-inflammatory Agent In Atherosclerosis
type: item
description: Abstract: Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease, which is ranked as the world's deadliest disease by WHO. The NF-kB protein is important in the development of atherosclerosis. Inhibiting the inflammatory response pathway via the NF-kB protein can inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) is one of the plants with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. The main constituents of clove are eugenol and beta-caryophyllene (BCP), which have been extensively researched for their anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to simulate the potency of eugenol and BCP compounds by measuring their binding affinity and observing the interactions that occur when they are tethered to the active site of the NF-kB protein. The research was carried out in silico method, using molecular docking techniques. According to the analysis, eugenol and BCP had binding affinity values of -5.9 kcal/mol and -7.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The eugenol compound forms 12 interactions on the active site of NF-kB protein, consisting of the hydrogen bond, carbon-hydrogen bond, pi-sigma, alkyl, and Van Der Waals interactions. Meanwhile, 5 interactions form between BCP and NF-kB protein, including Van Der Waals, alkyl, and pi-sigma interactions. The bond affinity calculations of the eugenol-NF-kB protein are stronger than the BCP-NF-kB protein. In addition, the number of interactions formed by eugenol- NF-kB protein is greater than BCP-NF-kB protein. Based on the description, the eugenol compound has better potential to influence the function of the NF-kB protein than BCP, so the eugenol compound is recommended for in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory tests. Abstrak: Aterosklerosis adalah salah satu penyebab utama penyakit kardiovaskular, yang menduduki peringkat penyakit paling mematikan di dunia menurut WHO. Protein NF-kB penting dalam perkembangan aterosklerosis. Menghambat jalur respon inflamasi melalui protein NF-kB d…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: atherosclerosis
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-Inflammatory
  topic: keywords
subject: clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.)
  topic: keywords
subject: molecular docking
  topic: keywords
subject: NF-кB protein
  topic: keywords
creator: Astuti Kusumorini
creator: Yani Suryani
creator: Fauziah Qurota Ayuni
creator: Opik Taupiqurrohman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Astuti Kusumorini, Yani Suryani, Fauziah Qurota Ayuni, Opik Taupiqurrohman
date: 2024-06-22
publication date: 2024-06-22
starting page: 88
ending page: 102
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.17387

Generation and Characterization of Bio-Oil Obtained From The Slow Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches at Various Temperatures
type: item
description: Abstract: In the last decade, biomass pyrolysis has received more attention in the renewable energy sector. This technology converts biomass to obtain valuable products: bio-oil, biochar, and gas. Bio-oil is a liquid product from pyrolysis that can be used to fuel boilers and furnaces, or further processed to produce fuel oil and chemical products. In this study, bio-oil was generated from slow pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) at various temperatures. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature on the properties of products generated from the pyrolysis of OPEFB. Six different pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 300 to 700℃ were used to produce bio-oil. It was found that operating temperature affected the product yield and its properties significantly. The higher the operating temperature of slow pyrolysis, the amount of bio-oil produced was also increased with a decrease in biochar yield. The highest yield of bio-oil was found to be 55.53% at a pyrolysis temperature of 700℃ with a yield of biochar and syngas was 24.22% and 20.25%, respectively. The GC-MS analysis was used as a quantitative means to characterize the liquid pyrolysis product. The findings of GC-MS showed that bio-oil generated in this study was dominated by phenols and ketones. In conclusion, pyrolysis of OPEFB demonstrates significant potential for industrial applications to generate valuable products especially bio-oil, providing a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. Abstrak: Dalam satu dekade terakhir, pirolisis biomassa semakin mendapat perhatian di sektor energi terbarukan. Teknologi ini mengubah biomassa menjadi produk-produk yang bernilai seperti: bio-oil, biochar, dan gas. Bio-oil adalah produk cair dari pirolisis yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar boiler dan furnace, atau diproses lebih lanjut untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar minyak dan produk kimia. Dalam penelitian ini, bio-oil dihasilkan dari proses pirolisis lambat tandan kosong kelap…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: biomass
  topic: keywords
subject: bio-oil
  topic: keywords
subject: GC-MS
  topic: keywords
subject: oil palm empty fruit bunch
  topic: keywords
subject: pyrolysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Siti Jamilatun
creator: Dhias Cahya Hakika
creator: Dwita Sarah
creator: Anggun Puspitasari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Jamilatun, Dhias Cahya Hakika, Dwita Sarah, Anggun Puspitasari
date: 2024-06-22
publication date: 2024-06-22
starting page: 103
ending page: 114
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.17844

Specific Sequence Motif of Var Gene as Predictor of Malaria Outcome
type: item
description: Abstract: The Var gene family encodes for Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein-1 (PfEMP1), a protein responsible for malaria pathogenesis. One of the variants, the var D gene, is hypothesized as a predictor of clinical malaria outcomes. The study aimed to investigate the association between the expression of the var D gene and clinical malaria outcomes. Blood spots on filter paper from uncomplicated and severe malaria patients were collected for DNA and RNA extraction. The RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA. DNA and cDNA were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique using specific var D primer, and PCR products were electrophorized in 1% agarose. DNA amplification resulted in double bands of approximately 230 bp and 250 bp in uncomplicated and severe malaria samples. However, the cDNA amplification generated a single band of 230 bp from four out of five severe malaria samples. The existence of band solely in severe malaria transcript suggested its involvement in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. In conclusion, the expression of var D gene-specific sequence can be a potential predictor of severe malaria outcomes. Abstrak: Famili gen var mengkode Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein-1 (PfEMP1), suatu protein yang berperan penting dalam proses patogenesis malaria. Salah satu variannya, gen var D, diduga merupakan prediktor gambaran klinis malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara ekspresi gen var D dan gambaran klinis malaria. Sampel berupa tetesan darah pada kertas filter dari pasien malaria tanpa komplikasi dan malaria berat dikumpulkan untuk diekstraksi DNA dan RNAnya. RNA selanjutnya di trankripsi reverse menjadi cDNA. DNA dan cDNA diamplifikasi dengan teknik PCR menggunakan primer spesifik var D dan produk PCR dielektroforesis menggunakan agarosa 1 %. Amplifikasi DNA menghasilkan beragam pita berukuran sekitar 230 bp dan 250 bp pada sampel malaria tanpa komplikasi dan malaria berat, tetapi amp…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: malaria
  topic: keywords
subject: Plasmodium falciparum
  topic: keywords
subject: RNA extraction
  topic: keywords
creator: Erma Sulistyaningsih
creator: Rosita Dewi
creator: Sheilla Rachmania
creator: Irawan Fajar Kusuma
creator: Sahrir Sillehu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Erma Sulistyaningsih, Rosita Dewi, Sheilla Rachmania, Irawan Fajar Kusuma, Sahrir Sillehu
date: 2024-06-21
publication date: 2024-06-21
starting page: 52
ending page: 62
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.14808

Arabic Diacritic-Aware Text-Audio Segmentation and Alignment Model (DASAM)
type: item
description: Abstract: This paper introduces the Diacritic-Aware Segmentation and Alignment Model for Arabic (DASAM). Diacritics are vital for pronunciation and meaning in the Arabic language but are often ignored by current speech recognition systems. DASAM is designed for word-level segmentation and alignment in unseen audio and associating them with diacritic-marked Arabic text. The DASAM approach uses linguistic analysis based on intonation rules. DASAM then applies Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to match the reference audio word with its position in the unseen sentence audio. The model outputs a list of words with their start and end times in the recording. Tested on the Qur’an dataset, DASAM outperforms Google Speech-to-Text (STT) in predicting word timings. It achieves higher accuracy in text-audio alignment, with values of 0.959 and 0.957 for word start and end times, respectively (compared to Google STT’s 0.870 and 0.849). Additionally, DASAM employs advanced signal processing techniques and demonstrates robustness across various audio variations. These results establish that DASAM constitutes a fundamental building block for speech-to-text conversion and linguistic research in Arabic, particularly for applications involving diacritics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quran
  topic: keywords
subject: Speech Recognition
  topic: keywords
subject: Signal Processing
  topic: keywords
subject: Phoneme Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: NLP Techniques
  topic: keywords
subject: Position Detection
  topic: keywords
creator: Adel Sabour
creator: Abdeltawab Hendawi
creator: Mohamed Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Adel Sabour, Abdeltawab Hendawi, Mohamed Ali
date: 2024-06-21
publication date: 2024-06-21
starting page: 1
ending page: 27
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.23637

Revolutionizing Asphalt Engineering: Unveiling The Influence of Oil Palm Fiber Reinforcement on The Mechanical Attributes of Asphalt Mixtures
type: item
description: Abstract: The increasing demand for environmentally and economically sustainable technologies necessitates innovative approaches in material engineering. This study investigates the repurposing of waste materials by integrating oil palm fiber (OPFib) as reinforcement in porous asphalt mixtures. The primary objective is to examine the effects of adding varying amounts of OPFib (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) on the mechanical properties of asphalt, specifically aiming to improve the asphalt's softening point, viscosity, binder drain-down, and air void characteristics. The methodology involves a series of controlled laboratory tests under diverse conditions to measure these properties. The results indicate that adding OPFib enhances the performance of asphalt by raising the softening point and viscosity, decreasing binder drain-down, and achieving optimal air void levels at certain OPFib concentrations. However, higher OPFib content leads to diminished overall performance. These findings provide insights into the use of OPFib in asphalt mixtures, offering a sustainable solution that enhances road durability and performance, while effectively utilizing waste materials. Abstrak: Meningkatnya permintaan akan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan secara ekonomi membutuhkan pendekatan inovatif dalam rekayasa material. Penelitian ini menyelidiki pemanfaatan kembali bahan limbah dengan mengintegrasikan serat kelapa sawit (OPFib) sebagai penguat pada campuran aspal porus. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penambahan OPFib dalam jumlah yang bervariasi (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, dan 5%) terhadap sifat mekanik aspal, khususnya untuk meningkatkan titik lembek aspal, viskositas, aliran aspal dan karakteristik rongga udara. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah serangkaian pengujian laboratorium sebagai kontrol dalam berbagai kondisi untuk mengukur sifat-sifat tersebut. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penambahan OPFib meningkatkan kinerja aspal dengan meningkatkan nilai titik lembek d…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Oil palm fiber
  topic: keywords
subject: reinforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: porous asphalt
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable
  topic: keywords
creator: Tamalkhani Syammaun
creator: Hafnidar A Rani
creator: Suhana Koting
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Tamalkhani Syammaun, Hafnidar A. Rani, Suhana Koting
date: 2024-06-21
publication date: 2024-06-21
starting page: 28
ending page: 41
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.21669

Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves Improves Glucose Tolerance, Glycogen Levels, and Liver Health in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
type: item
description: Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of the leaf ethanol extract of (Moringa oleifera L.) on increasing the content of liver glycogen grains in hyperglycemic rats. The research was conducted at the Pathology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The method used is an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and five treatmenttests. Treatment A = Negative control (given with distilled water and physiological NaCl), B = Positive control (75 mg/kg BW of alloxan and incubated for 21 days), C (75 mg/kg BW of alloxan and 150 mg/kg BW of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract for 21 days), D (75 mg/kg of alloxan and 300 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract for 21 days), and E (75 mg/kg of alloxan and 450 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract for 21 days). The parameters observed werethree factors: blood sugar levels, glycogen levels, and histological images of the liver depicting the condition of either a healthy or diseased liver. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant effect, namely that the administration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract at a dose of 450 mg/kg BW was able to reduce blood glucose levels, increase liver glycogen content,and repair liver cell damage in hyperglycemic rats (P<0.01). Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap peningkatan kandungan butir glikogen hati pada tikus hiperglikemik. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi dan Farmakologi Jurusan Klinik Veteriner Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Syiah Kuala. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan A = Kontrol negatif (diberi akuades dan NaCl fisiologis), B= Kontrol positif (75 mg/kg BB aloksan dan diinkubasi selama 21 hari…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Moringa oleifera
  topic: keywords
subject: Hyperglycemic
  topic: keywords
subject: Liver Glycogen Grains
  topic: keywords
creator: Qurratu Aini
creator: Samingan Samingan
creator: Mustafa Sabri
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Qurratu Aini, Samingan, Mustafa Sabri
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 246
ending page: 259
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v9i2.17585

Removal of Lead Ion (Pb2+) in Water Using Modified Clay-Carbon-Manganese Monolith: Characterization and Adsorption Studies
type: item
description: Abstract: In recent years, the presence of heavy metals in water has been a concern, and some purification processes have been developed to overcome these problems. This study aims to conduct and investigate the performance of the 3 modifications of adsorbents namely clay-carbon, clay-carbon manganese monolith 2% and clay-carbon manganese monolith 5% in adsorbing Pb2+ ions in water. The surfaces and elemental compositions of the two adsorbents were investigated by a scanning electron microscope and Fourier infrared transform. The variables evaluated in analyzing the adsorption efficiencies were the effect of contact time (0, 150, 180, 210, and 240 minutes), MnO2 doses in monolith (2 and 5% weight) and initial Pb2+ ion concentrations (2 and 4 mg/L). The adsorption behaviour in the equilibrium stage was observed through the isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)) and kinetics study (pseudo-first and pseudo-second order linear-non linear models). The impregnation of manganese into the adsorbent showed significant results in adsorption. The maximum adsorption efficiency was 92.92% in a Pb2+ solution of 4 mg/L utilizing clay-carbon-manganese monolith at a contact time of 240 minutes. Meanwhile, the clay-carbon monolith efficiency was 50.59%. Thus, the modification biomass material with the impregnation of metal such as clay-carbon-manganese monolith can be used as a potent, reusable, and durable adsorbent in removing metal ions in water and wastewater. Abstrak: Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, keberadaan logam berat dalam air masih menjadi perhatian dan beberapa proses pemurnian dikembangkan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Adsorpsi adalah proses yang efisien dan murah untuk mengolah air yang mengandung logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan dan menyelidiki kinerja monolit tanah liat-karbon dan tanah liat-karbon mangan dalam mengadsorpsi ion Pb2+ dalam air. Permukaan dan komposisi unsur dari dua adsorben diselidiki dengan mikroskop ele…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pb2 ions
  topic: keywords
subject: adsorption
  topic: keywords
subject: clay
  topic: keywords
subject: carbon
  topic: keywords
subject: manganese
  topic: keywords
subject: monolith
  topic: keywords
creator: Hafni Putri Indriani Indra
creator: Darmadi Darmadi
creator: Adisalamun Adisalamun
creator: Aula Chairunnisak
creator: Nasrullah RCL
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Hafni Putri Indriani Indra, Darmadi Darmadi, Adisalamun Adisalamun, Aula Chairunnisak, Nasrullah RCL
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 188
ending page: 203
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v9i2.16976

A Pyrolysis of 80 Mesh Spirulina platensis Residue (SPR) With Fe3O4 Catalyst
type: item
description: Abstract: Spirulina platensis Residue (SPR) is obtained from the solid residue of Spirulina platensis extraction, which has high carbohydrate and protein content. Pyrolysis technology will convert SPR into a bio-oil, water phase, char, and gas (CO, CO2, H2, CH4) product with the potential as an environmentally friendly and sustainable fuel. This study aims to obtain data on the optimum conditions and product yield composition of SPR catalytic pyrolysis using the in-situ method. Pyrolysis occurs in a fixed-bed reactor with SPR 50 g feed and Fe3O4 catalyst (2.5 g and 5 g) at temperature variations of 300-600 °C with an average heating rate of 14.07 °C/min. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the more bio-oil yield, the optimum at a temperature of 500 ⁰C. The use of 2.5 and 5-gram catalysts obtained bio-oil yields of 25.01 and 17.67 %. The yield of biochar will be lower with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The optimum condition for the gas production was achieved at 300 °C, using a catalyst of 2.5 and 5 grams, the yield of gas was 23.59, and 19.74 %. Moreover, the smaller the specific gravity and the higher the bio-oils pH, the better it is as a vehicle fuel. Abstrak: Spirulina platensis Residu (SPR) diperoleh dari residu padat ekstraksi Spirulina platensis yang memiliki kandungan karbohidrat dan protein tinggi. Teknologi pirolisis akan mengubah SPR menjadi produk bio-oil yang berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data kondisi optimum dan komposisi yield produk dari pirolisis katalitik SPR dengan metode in-situ. Pirolisis SPR akan menghasilkan produk berupa bio-oil, water phase, char dan gas (CO, CO2, H2, CH4). Pirolisis berlangsung dalam reaktor fixed-bed dengan umpan SPR 50 g serta katalis Fe3O4 (2.5 g dan 5 g) pada variasi suhu 300-600°C dengan heating rate rata-rata 14,07 °C/min. Semakin tinggi suhu pirolisis semakin banyak yield bio-oil, optimum pada suhu 500 ⁰C. Pemakaian katalis 2,5 dan …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Spirulina platensis residue
  topic: keywords
subject: pyrolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: fixed-bed reactor
  topic: keywords
subject: bio-oil
  topic: keywords
subject: Fe3O4
  topic: keywords
creator: Siti Jamilatun
creator: Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta
creator: Heidy Oktavia Nisa
creator: Mutia Endar Nurhidayah
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Siti Jamilatun, Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta, Heidy Oktavia Nisa, Mutia Endar Nurhidayah
date: 2022-01-17
publication date: 2022-01-17
starting page: 252
ending page: 262
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v7i2.8950

Perception Analysis of Green Construction Implementation on Construction Projects For Contractors in Banda Aceh City
type: item
description: Abstract: Along with the increasing use of natural resources, and the large number of construction waste dumping in the environment, environmental damage is increasingly visible. Many areas, especially Banda Aceh City, have experienced land and air degradation due to the pattern of life and the number of people. Currently, the construction project has a new concept, namely green construction, which is believed to be able to improve the environment caused by various developments by reducing the occurrence of environmental damage. The research objective was to analyze the perception of the application of green construction in construction projects in the city of Banda Aceh in determining the most dominant factors and the relationship between the factors of implementing green construction (X) on costs (Y). The research location was in the city of Banda Aceh. Secondary data, namely contractor company data. Primary data were 34 questionnaires. The results of data analysis using SPSS include a validity test, reliability test, frequency analysis, and Pearson product-moment correlation test. Based on the research results, it was found that the most dominant green construction factor was the application of energy conservation in construction (X5) of 95.1%, the application of energy conservation (X10) of 92.8%, and the use of construction materials (X8) of 92.5%. The largest correlation coefficient value was obtained in energy conservation (X10) of 0.882. Abstrak: Seiring meningkatnya pemakaian sumber daya alam dan banyaknya pembuangan limbah konstruksi di lingkungan, kerusakan lingkungan semakin terlihat. Telah banyak daerah-daerah khususnya Kota Banda Aceh mengalami degradasi lahan dan udara karena pola hidup dan jumlah manusia. Saat ini proyek konstruksi mempunyai sebuah konsep baru yaitu green construction yang dipercaya mampu memperbaiki lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh berbagai pembangunan dengan mereduksi terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengana…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green construction
  topic: keywords
subject: Construction projects
  topic: keywords
subject: Project environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Implementation
  topic: keywords
creator: Anita Rauzana
creator: Nurul Hidayati Binti Saidan
creator: Wira Dharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Anita Rauzana, Nurul Hidayati Binti Saidan, Wira Dharma
date: 2022-01-17
publication date: 2022-01-17
starting page: 239
ending page: 251
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v7i2.7477

Tracking The Source of Antimicrobial Production From House Fly (Musca domestica): Right-Wing of Fly Or Gut System? - A Mini-Review
type: item
description: Abstract: The house fly (Musca domestica) is a vector of disease-causing bacteria because of its habit of perching and feeding on various substrates of pathogenic bacteria. His role as a disease carrier contradicts the hadith narrated by Bukhari, which is "If a fly falls into your vessel, drown it and then remove it because one of its wings carries disease and the other is the cure". This hadith indicates the presence of antimicrobial compounds produced from the body of flies. Various research reports show that the truth of this hadith is that there are antimicrobial-producing bacterial symbionts on the wings of flies (left and right) that can kill pathogenic bacteria on one of the wings or both. Antimicrobial compounds are also produced naturally in the digestive tract of flies from the larval stage to adulthood as a response to the body's defense against the presence of pathogenic bacteria in their bodies. The antimicrobial compounds are lysozyme, defensin, cecropin, diptericin, and several antimicrobial peptide compounds. This compound can also be removed mechanically through pressure (the process of immersing the fly's body in water). This shows that the process of drowning aims to extract or release antimicrobial compounds from the digestive tract of flies to neutralize pathogenic bacteria that have mixed in the liquid in specific containers. This review aims to examine various reports related to antimicrobial substances produced in flies and their evidence in this hadith. Abstrak: Lalat rumah (Musca domestica) merupakan vektor pembawa bakteri penyebab penyakit karena kebiasaan hinggap dan makan pada berbagai substrat bakteri patogen. Perannya sebagai pembawa penyakit memiliki kontradiksi dengan hadist yang diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari yaitu “Jika seekor lalat jatuh ke bejana kamu, tenggelamkanlah kemudian singkirkan, karena salah satu sayapnya membawa penyakit dan sayap lainnya adalah obatnya”. Hadist ini mengindikasikan adanya senyawa antimikroba yang dihasilkan…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: antimicrobial
  topic: keywords
subject: bacterial symbionts
  topic: keywords
subject: digestive tract
  topic: keywords
subject: house flies
  topic: keywords
subject: left-wing
  topic: keywords
subject: right-wing
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Asril
creator: Ika Agus Rini
creator: Indah Oktaviani
creator: Mushaliyah Mushaliyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Asril, Ika Agus Rini, Indah Oktaviani, Mushaliyah
date: 2022-01-17
publication date: 2022-01-17
starting page: 225
ending page: 238
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v7i2.9495