COMPARING THE LEGAL RULES (AHKAM-I SHARIAH) IN THE MALIKI AND SHAFII SCHOOLS WITH THE HANAFI SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v16i1.675Keywords:
Madhhab, Syari’ah, Fiqh, al-Qur’an, SunnahAbstract
This paper is about the legal rules (ahkam-i shariah) in Maliki and Shafi schools, as compared with the Hanafi school of thought (or madhabs). This paper will define certain terms and briefly provide an overview of these schools of law (noting that there are four main Sunni schools of law). It should be noted that ahkam-i shar'iyaa falls within the generic rubric of fiqh. Fiqh deals with putting the Message of Islam into practice and involves both rulings about acts of worship which derive directly from Allah's revelation to His Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in the book or the Sunnah. When the various schools appeared, they did not compel anyone to follow them should an individual not agree with one of their judgments. This paper will also posit that the differences amongst the schools is but an inherent mercy from God.References
Abu Zahra, M. The four Imams. India: Premier publishing company, 2005.
al-Jaziri, A. Islamic Jurisprudence According to the Four Sunni Schools: Al-Fiqh 'Ala al-Madhahib al-Arba 'ah-Volume I Acts of Worship. Louisville, Kentucky: Fons Vitae, 2009.
al-Misri, A. Reliance of the Travellers: a classic manual of Islamic sacred law (translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller). Evanston, Il, USA: Sunna Books, 1994.
Alkhateeb, F. Lost Islamic history: reclaiming Muslim civilisation from the past. London: Hurst and Company, 2014.
As-Safadi, M. The mercy in the difference of the four Sunni Schools of Islamic law. London: Dar Al Taqwa, 2004.
Auda, J. Maqasid Al-Shariah as philosophy of Islamic Law: a systems approach. International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2008.
Brown, J. A. C. Misquoting Muhammad: The challenges and choices of interpreting the Prophet’s legacy. London: Oneworld Publications, 2014.
Dickinson, E. Aḥmad B. al-Ṣalt and His Biography of Abū Ḥanīfa. Journal of the American Oriental Society Vol. 116, No. 3, 1996, pp. 406-417. Retrieved from:http://www.jstor.org/stable/605146.
Dogan, R. Ahkam Shar’i (Values of Islamic Law). In Usul al-Fiqh methodology of Islamic jurisprudence. Clifton, NJ.: Tughra Books, 2014.
-------------. Five pillars of Islam. San Clemente: FB Publishing, 2015.
Esposito, J.L. (ed) The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press Print Publication. Current Online Version: 2014 DOI: 10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001 eISBN:
Gomaa, A. Reasoning from the tradition. Louisville, Kentucky: Fons Vitae, 2011.
Hallaq, W. Shari’a: Theory, practice transformations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Ibn Rusd. The distinguished jurist’s primer (volume two) (Translated by Imran Ahsan Khan Nyazee). Reading, UK: Garnet Publishing, 1996.
Keller, N. H. M. Al-Nawawi’s manual of Islam. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, 2009.
Laldin, M. A., Introduction to shari’ah and Islamic jurisprudence (3rd edition). Kuala Lumpur: CERT Publications, 2011.
Makdisi, G. The significance of the Sunni Schools of Law in Islamic religious history. International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 10, 1, (Feb 1979), pp.1-8.
Nyazee, I. A. K. Islamic jurisprudence. Selangor, Malaysia: The Other Press, 2003. Weeramantry, C.G. Islamic jurisprudence: an international perspective. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1988.
Yusuf, A-R. Fiqh-al-Imam: key proofs in Hanafi fiqh. California: White Thread Press, 2007.