The Concept of Maqasid al-Shariah As an Instruments of Ijtihad According to Imam al-Shatibi in al-Muwafaqat fi Ushuli Al-Shariah

Authors

  • Al Ikhlas Al Ikhlas Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Desi Yusdian Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Alfurqan Alfurqan Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Murniyetti Murniyetti Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Nurjanah Nurjanah Universitas Negeri Padang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22373/jms.v23i2.10138

Keywords:

concept, maqasid al-Shariah, the law determination, Imam al-Shatibi

Abstract

As written in al-Muwafaqat fi Ushuli al-Syari'ah, Imam al-Shatibi explained that every divine law (the command of Allah) must be prescribed on purposes. The intended purposes or objective of the law is to fulfill for the benefit of humankind. Imam al-Shatibi divided the higher objectives of law into two categories: (1) the objectives of the Lawgiver (Allah), and (2) the human objectives (the benefits that refer to humankind as the doer of law). The human objectives are defined in three scales: from the ‘essential’ (dharûriyat), to the ‘necessary’ (hajiyât), and to the ‘complementary’ (tahsiniyât). Furthermore, Imam Al-Shatibi explained that there are four steps in understanding the human objectives. The first is understanding maqasid (objectives) through the purity of the command and prohibitions. The second is understanding maqasid through the existence of ‘illah (basis) contained in commands and prohibitions. And the third, understanding the maqasid through the law that related to 'adah (customs) and 'ibadah (worship) which have the main and additional objectives. Fourth, understanding the maqasid through silence on the part of Allah due to the absence of any occasions or circumstances for further declaration related to certain matter. In other word, there is no evidence from the Holy book on certain issue which provides the reasons of the law implementation despite the existence of the meaning (ma’na) behind the revelation.

References

Abdulkhâliq, A. (1985). al-Maqâshidu al-Âmah li al-shariah al-Islâmiyah. Maktabah al-Shafwah al-Islamiyah.

Afif Muamar, A. S. A. (2017). Maqasid Syariah. Jurnal of Islamic Economic Lariba, 3(2), 15–35.

Al-Ajfan, M. A. (1985). Min Atsâr Fuqahâ’ al-Andalus; Fatâwa al-Syâthiby. Nahju Louz.

Al-Dzanun, A. H. (1988). Afâq Gharnâthah. Dâru al-Ma`rifah.

Al-Khâthib, L. (1973). al-Ihâthah fi Akhbâri al-Gharnâthah. Maktabah al-Khânjy.

Al-Ubaidy, H. (1996). al-Syâthiby wa al-Maqâshidu al-shariah. Dâru Qutaibah.

Ali, A. Â. (1998). al-Imâm al-Syâthiby; Aqîdatuhu wa Mauqifuhu min al-Bida`i wa Ahlihâ,. Maktabah al-Rusyd.

Burnu, M. S. bin A. (2012). Mausû`ah Qawâ`id al-Fiqhiyah. Muassasah al-Risâlah.

Hasany, I. (1995). al-Nazhariyah al-Maqâshid `Inda Imam Muhammad al-Thâhir bin `Asyur. The International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Ikhlas, A., Wardevi, R., & Wiza, R. (2017). Sukut Al-Syâri` Dalam Perspektif Imam Al-Shatibi Dan Kehujjahannya Dalam Ijtihad. Juris (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 16(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v16i1.966

Jamal, R. (2016). Maqasid Al-Syari’ah Dan Relevansinya Dalam Konteks Kekinian. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, 8(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.30984/as.v8i1.34

Khadimy, N. bin M. (1998). Ijtihad al-Maqasidy. Wizaratu al-Awqaf wa al-Syu’un al-Islamiyah,.

Marâghy, A. M. (1946). Tafsir al-Marâghy. Maktabah al-Bâby al-Halaby.

Mu’nis, H. (1996). Mausû`ah Tarikh al-Andalus. Maktabah al-Tsaqâfah al-Diniyah.

Munir, B. (2014). Ta`arudh al-Mashalih wa al-Mafasid wa Thuruq Ta`amul bihi Inda Isthinbath al-Ahkam wa al-Fatwa wa al-Ijtihadat al-Mu`ashirah. XVI(1), 49–106.

Mutakin, A. (2017). Hubungan Maqāṣid Al Syarī’ah Dengan Metode Istinbāth Hukum. 17, 113–136.

Qusyairy, M. bin A. bin W. (2010). Syarhu al-Arba’in al-Nawawiyah. Dâru al-Salâm.

Rahmi, N. (2018). Maqasid Al Syari’ah: Melacak Gagasan Awal. Syariah Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, 17(2), 160–178. https://doi.org/10.18592/sy.v17i2.1970

Raisûny, A. (1995). Nazhariyah al-Maqâshid `Inda Imâm al-Syâthiby. The International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Sa`dy, A. bin N. (2002). al-Qawâ`id al-Ushûliyah al-Jâmi`ah. Maktabah al- Sunnah.

Sabil, J., Hasanah, R., & Abdullah, A. (2008). Pengawasan Internal Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Syarīʻah (Analisis Peraturan Pemerintah No. 60 Tahun 2008 tentang Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah). 20(2), 264–274.

Sanu, Q. M. (2000). Mu`jam Ushûl al-Fiqh. Dâru al-Fikri.

Suyuthy, J. A. (n.d.). al-Asybâh wa al-Nazhâ’ir. Makatabah Nazar Mushthafa al-Bazar.

Syathiby, I. bin M. al-L. al-G. (2003). al-Muwâfaqât fi Ushûli al-shariah. Dâru al-Kutûb al-Ilmiyah.

Umar, A., Ahmad, F., Mobin, M. A., Economic, A. S., Halim, A., Noor, M., Bahrom, H., & Rahim, A. (2015). Between Sharia Maqasid Index and Human Development Index: Which One is Happier? 17(2), 333–372.

Yazid, I. (2017). Analisis Teori Syar’U Man Qablana. Al Mashlahah Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam, Vol 2(4), 369–380.

Yuby, M. S. bin A. bin M. (1998). Maqâshidu al-shariah al-Islâmiyah wa `Alaqâtuhâ bi Adillah al-Syar`iyah. Dâru al-Hijrah.

Zatadini, N., & Syamsuri, S. (2018). Konsep Maqasid Syariah Menurut Al-Syatibi Dan Kontribusinya Dalam Kebijakan Fiskal. AL-FALAH : Journal of Islamic Economics, 3(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.29240/alfalah.v3i2.587

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2021-12-30

Issue

Vol. 23 No. 2 (2021)

Section

Artikel

License

MEDIA SYARI'AH: Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial has CC-BY-SA or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Lisensi Creative Commons

All papers published in MEDIA SYARI'AH: Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.