Exemption Policy for Certain Prisoners to Get Release during the Covid-19 Period Overview of Maslahah Mursalah

Abstract

The government issued a policy in the form of Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights (Permenkumham) Number 10 of 2020 as an effort to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic for prison residents. The policy contains the release of convicts and children for the fulfillment of their rights through assimilation and integration. However, in its implementation, there are exceptions for certain convicts to obtain release through assimilation and integration, which in the previous policy stated that release by assimilation and integration for certain convicts can be carried out. This matter is then also reviewed according to a legal istinbat method in Islam, namely Mashlahah al-Mursalah. The results of this study reveal the fact that: first, the policy of releasing convicts through assimilation and integration by excluding certain convicts is enforced with two considerations namely, based on sociological considerations of society, carried out by prioritizing a sense of justice and legal considerations based on government regulation No. 99 of 2012 as the last amendment which regulates the conditions for granting release to heavy convicts (narcotics, corruption and gross human rights violations). Second, based on the review of maslahah mursalah, the release policy by excluding certain prisoners during the Covid-19 pandemic is seen based on the level of need for benefit, meaning that what is prioritized is maintaining maslahah dharuriyat rather than maslahah hajiyah and maslahah tahsiniyah. The main benefit of dharuriyat that is being reviewed in this case is benefit in protecting the people (hifdz ummah) and protecting the soul (hifdz nafs).

Pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan dalam bentuk Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia (Permenkumham) Nomor 10 tahun 2020 sebagai upaya penanganan pandemi Covid-19 terhadap warga pemasyarakatan. Kebijakan tersebut memuat tentang pembebasan terhadap narapidana dan anak atas pemenuhan hak secara asimilasi dan integrasi. Namun, dalam pemberlakuannya, terdapat pengecualian terhadap narapidana tertentu untuk mendapatkan pembebasan melalui asimilasi dan integrasi, yang mana dalam kebijakan sebelumnya bahwa pembebasan secara asimilasi dan integrasi terhadap narapidana tertentu dapat dilakukan. Perihal ini yang kemudian juga ditinjau menurut suatu metode istinbat hukum dalam Islam, yaitu mashlahah al-mursalah. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan fakta bahwa: pertama, kebijakan pembebasan terhadap narapidana melalui asimilasi dan integrasi dengan mengecualikan narapidana tertentu diberlakukan dengan dua pertimbangan yaitu, berdasarkan pertimbangan sosiologis terhadap masyarakat, dilakukan dengan mengedepankan rasa keadilan dan pertimbangan hukum berdasarkan aturan pemerintah No. 99 Tahun 2012 sebagai perubahan terakhir yang mengatur tentang persyaratan pemberian pembebasan kepada terpidana berat (narkotika, korupsi dan pelanggaran HAM berat). Kedua, berdasarkan tinjauan maslahah mursalah bahwa kebijakan pembebasan dengan mengecualikan narapidana tertentu di masa pandemi Covid-19 dilihat berdasarkan tingkat kebutuhan akan kemaslahatan, artinya bahwa yang lebih di utamakan ialah memelihara maslahah dharuriyat dari pada maslahah hajiyah dan maslahah tahsiniyah. Pokok kemaslahatan dharuriyat yang menjadi tinjauan di dalam kasus ini ialah kemaslahatan dalam penjagaan terhadap memelihara umat (hifdz ummah) dan penjagaan terhadap memelihara jiwa (hifdz nafs).