Collateral Binding Principles in Sharia Banking Financing Agreements

Authors

  • Wetria Fauzi Universitas Andalas
  • Ratih Agustin Wulandari Universitas Dharmas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22373/jms.v25i1.17987

Keywords:

Sharia principles, binding of collateral, financing agreement

Abstract

Sharia Banking is based on these sharia principles, all operational activities must not conflict with sharia principles, including financing. The Financing has an important role in the development of Islamic banking. This is to anticipate various risks in bank financing to apply the obligation to provide collateral by customers. The binding of collateral must be clearly regulated and based on sharia principles to achieve sharia compliance. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the arrangement of binding collateral in Islamic banking financing, as well as the fulfillment of sharia principles in binding collateral in Islamic banking financing. This is a normative research whose subject matter is the rule of law, legal doctrine to answer certain legal issues. This study concludes that kafalah and rahn are guarantees in the concept of Islamic law, regulated by the DSN-MUI Fatwa Number: 11/DSNMUI/IV/2000 concerning Kafalah. Fatwa Number: 25/DSN/MUI/III/2022 concerning Rahn, Fatwa Number: 92/ DSNMUI/IV/2014 concerning Funding accompanied by Rahn (Al-Tamwil Al-Mautsuq Bi Al-Rahn). However, it has not been set forth in laws and OJK regulations, so that the collateral binding arrangements for Islamic banking use conventional banking guarantee institutions, namely. Pledges, mortgages, fiduciaries, mortgages and warehouse receipts. Not all substances in conventional guarantee institutions can be applied to Islamic banking which prioritizes Islamic principles, namely the values of justice, expediency, balance and universality  and does not carry out business activities that contain elements of usury, maisir, gharar, unlawful and unjust, and most importantly overrides the tabbaru principle in Islam.

 

Perbankan Syariah berdasarkan kepada prinsip syariah, seluruh kegiatan operasionalnya tidak boleh bertentangan dengan prinsip syariah termasuk pembiayaan. Pembiayaan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam perkembangan Perbankan Syariah. Untuk mengantisipasi berbagai resiko dalam pembiayaan, bank menerapkan kewajiban memberikan agunan oleh nasabah. Pengikatan agunan tentunya harus diatur secara jelas dan berdasarkan prinsip syariah untuk mewujudkan syariah compliance. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis  pengaturan pengikatan agunan pada pembiayaan Perbankan Syariah, serta pemenuhan prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam pengikatan agunan pada pembiayaan Perbankan Syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif yang pokok kajiannya adalah aturan hukum, doktrin hukum untuk menjawab isu hukum tertentu. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan kafalah dan rahn merupakan jaminan dalam konsep hukum Islam,  yang diatur pada Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor : 11/DSNMUI/IV/2000 tentang Kafalah. Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor : 25/DSN/MUI/III/2022 tentang Rahn, Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor : 68/DSN-MUI/III/2008 tentang Rahn Tasjily diperbolehkan adanya jaminan barang., Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor : 92/DSNMUI/IV/2014 tentang Pembiayaan yang disertai Rahn (Al-Tamwil Al-Mautsuq Bi Al-Rahn). Namun belum dituangkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan ataupun peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, sehingga pengaturan pengikatan agunan pada Perbankan Syariah menggunakan lembaga jaminan perbankan konvensional yaitu ; gadai, hipotik, fidusia, hak tanggungan, dan resi gudang. Tidak semua subtansi pada lembaga jaminan konvensional dapat diberlakukan pada Perbankan Syariah yang mengutamakan pinsip-prinsip keislaman yaitu; nilai-nilai keadilan, kemanfaatan, keseimbangan, dan keuniversalan (rahmatan lil ‘alamin) serta tidak melakukan kegiatan usaha yang mengandung unsur riba, maisir, gharar, haram dan zalim, serta yang paling utama mengesampingkan prinsip tabbaru dalam islam.

References

Aisjah, S., Prabandari, S. P., & Hamid, W. (2022). Sustainability Factors of Sharia Banks in Indonesia. QUALITY: Access to Success, 23(190), 384–390. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.190.40

Ali, Z. (2010). Hukum Perbankan Syariah. Sinar Grafika.

Bintang, S., Haflisyah, T., & Fikri, F. (2022). A Study On The Conformity Of Sharia Bank Financing Akad To Sharia Principles, National Laws, And Contract Drafting Techniques. Syiah Kuala Law Journal, 6(1), 40–52.

Fitriani, I. L. (2017). Jaminan Dan Agunan Dalam Pembiayaan Bank Syariah Dan Kredit Bank Konvensional. Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan, 47(1), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol47.no1.138

Hafidah, N. (2013). Kajian Prinsip Hukum Jaminan Syariah Dalam Kerangka Sistem Hukum Syariah. Rechtidee, 8(2), 198–215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21107/ri.v8i2.696

Hidayatullah, M. S. (2017). Perbankan Syariah: Pengenalan Fundamental dan Pengembangan Kontemporer. Dreamedia.

HS, S. (2012). Perkembangan Hukum Jaminan di Indonesia. RajaGrafindo Persada.

Ihtiar, H. W. (2016). Analisis Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Nomor: 92/DSN-MUI/Iv/2014 Tentang Pembiayaan Yang Disertai Rahn. IAIN Tulungagung Research Collections, 3(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21274/an.2016.3.1.23-38

Maarif, M. N., & Munir, S. (2022). Multi Akad dalam Aplikasi Mobile Banking Bank Syariah Indonesia Perspektif Fiqh Muamalah. Tawazun: Journal of Sharia Economic Law, 5(1), 121–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21043/tawazun.v5i1.13811

Maimun, M., & Tzahira, D. (2022). Prinsip Dasar Perbankan Syariah. Al-Hiwalah: Sharia Economic Law, 1(2), 125–142.

Maulana, M. (2014). Jaminan Dalam Pembiayaan Pada Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia (Analisis Jaminan Pembiayaan Musyarakah dan Mudarabah). Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 14(1), 72–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v14i1.80

Nurbaedah, & Machmud, Y. (2021). Fungsi Agunan Dalam Perbankan Syariah Dari Perspektif Hukum Positif Dan Hukum Islam. Qawanin: Journal of Economic Syaria Law, 5(1), 13–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30762/qawanin.v5i1.3010

Purnamasari, I. D. (2014). Kiat-kita Cerdas, mudah, dan Bijak Memahami Masalah Hukum Jaminan Perbankan. Mizan Pustaka.

Rudiansyah, R. (2020). Telaah Gharar, Riba, dan Maisir dalam Perspektif Transaksi Ekonomi Islam. Al Huquq: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Economic Law, 2(1), 98–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19105/alhuquq.v2i1.2818

Rukmanda, M. R. (2020). Konsep Rahn Dan Implementasinya Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Syariah, 2(2), 1–14.

Sari, D. U. (2020). Penyelesaian Sengketa Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia. Al-Munqidz : Jurnal Kajian Keislaman, 8(2), 157–171. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52802/amk.v8i2.236

Shomad, A. (2012). Hukum Islam Penormaan Prinsip Syariah Dalam Hukum Indonesia. Kencana.

Soewandi, I. M. (2005). Balang Lelang:Kewenangan Balai Lelang dalam Penjualan Jaminan Kredit Macet. Yayasan Gloria.

Sueb, M., Prasojo, Syarifah, L., & Putra, R. N. A. (2022). The effect of shariah board characteristics, risk-taking, and maqasid shariah on an Islamic bank’s performance. Banks and Bank Systems, 17(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(3).2022.08

Sumitro, W. (2004). Asas-Asas Perbankan Islam & Lembaga- Lembaga Terkait : Bamui, Takaful dan Pasar Modal Syariah di Indonesi. Rajawali Press.

Usman, R. (2016). Hukum Jaminan Keperdataan (III). Sinar Grafika.

Yolanda, M. O., Azheri, B., & Fauzi, W. (2020). Strength of Fiduciary Deed in the Implementation of Bad Credit Execution by Financial Institutions. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(5), 593. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i5.1726

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2023-06-30

Issue

Vol. 25 No. 1 (2023)

Section

Artikel

License

MEDIA SYARI'AH: Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial has CC-BY-SA or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Lisensi Creative Commons

All papers published in MEDIA SYARI'AH: Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.