The Implementation of Meunasah-based Sharia in Aceh: A Social Capital and Islamic Law Perspective

Abidin Nurdin; Fajri M. Kasim; Muhammad Rizwan; Mahmuddin Daud

doi:10.22373/sjhk.v5i2.10710

The Implementation of Meunasah-based Sharia in Aceh: A Social Capital and Islamic Law Perspective

Abidin Nurdin, Fajri M. Kasim, Muhammad Rizwan, Mahmuddin Daud

Abstract

This research examined meunasah as the social capital in implementing Islamic law in Aceh. It aimed to explain the social capital of meunasah concerning its role and functions in supporting the Islamic law implementation in Aceh. This research has its root in studying the sociology of law, emphasizing the empirical legal analysis within the society. The researchers used social capital, which consisted of cognitive and structural aspects as a theoretical framework, and interviews, literature study, and observation, as the data collection methods. This study found that meunasah had a central position in Acehnese society as a center for religious activities, a place to learn the Qur’an, social activities, and as a customary institution. Since time immemorial, meunasah has played a central role as a center for community activities at the gampong level. Even though meunasah had transformed itself into a mosque in urban areas, its function and role remained as a place for internalizing the Islamic law principles, as a medium for socializing Islamic law, and as a center for religious, social activities. This study argues that meunasah can still be the ‘glue’ of social networks with its religious, social, and customary values as a cognitive, social capital. On another side, imuem meunasah can be considered a structural social capital. Meunasah, as part of social institutions, can support social order and order, which is a social function of law. Without the support of meunasah as a cognitive social capital, the researchers argue that Islamic law will be difficult to be internalized in society.

Keywords

Sharia, meunasah, social capital, and Islamic law

Full Text:

PDF

References

Books and Journals

Abubakar, Al Yasa’. Bunga Rampai Pelaksanaan Syari’at Islam (Pendukung Qanun Pelaksanan Syari’at Islam), Banda Aceh: Dinas Syari’at Islam, 2005.

Abubakar, Al Yasa’. Syariat Islam di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Banda Aceh: Dinas Syariat Islam Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, 2006.

Alhamuddin, “Abd Shamad al-Palimbani’s Islamic Education Concept: Analysis of Kitab Hidayah al-Salikin fi Suluk Masalak lil Muttaqin,” Qijis: Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies 6, No. 1 (2018).

Analiansyah and Ali Abubakar, “Children Handling Procedure in Islamic Criminal Offense in Aceh,” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 21, No. 1 (2021).

Azra, Azyumardi, Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah dan Kepualuan Nusantra Abad XVII & XVIII, Jakarta: Kencana, 2005.

Azra, Azyumardi, Reneissanse Islam Asia Tenggara, Bandung: Rosda Karya, 2000.

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Aceh, Provinsi Aceh dalan Angka 2021, Banda Aceh: BPS Aceh, 2021.

Bokek-Cohen Y and S. Ben-Asher, S. “How Does It Feel to Be an Anti-Martyr’s Widow? The Interplay of Religious Capital and Negative Symbolic Capital of War Widows,” Social Compass 65, No. 3, (2018).

Djawas, Mursyid and Sri Astuti A. Samad, Conflict, “Tradisional and Family Resisitance: The Pattern of Dispute Resolution in Achenese Community According to Islamic Law,” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 4, No. 1 (2020).

Djawas, Mursyid, Diskursus Zakat Era Khulafa al-Rasyidin, Aceh Besar: Sahifah, 2018.

Fadhly, Fabian, “Pemahaman Keagamaan Islam di Asia Tenggara Abad XIII-XX,” Millah: Jurnal Studi Agama 18, No. 1 (2018).

Haviz, H, “Designing and Developing a New Model of Education Surau and Madrasah Minangkabau Indonesia,” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 6, No. 1 (2017).

Hooker, MB, Introduction: Islamic Law in South-East Asia, Studia Islamika 10, No. 1 (2003).

Ibrahim, Muslim, Langkah-Langkah Penerapan Syariat Islam di Aceh, dalam Syari’at Islam di Indonesia: Antara Peluang dan Tantangan, Jakarta: Globalmedia, 2004.

Ismail, Badruzzaman, Mesjid dan Meunasah Sebagai Sumber Energi Budaya Aceh, Banda Aceh: Gua Hira, 2002.

Ismail, Fauzi, Kedudukan Ulama dan Umara dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Aceh, Banda Aceh: Ar-Raniry Press, 2007.

Ismatullah, Dedi, Sejarah Sosial Hukum Islam, Jakarta: Pustaka Setia, 2011.

Kasim, Fajri M. and Abidin Nurdin, “Resolusi Konflik berbasisi Kearifan Lokal di Aceh: Studi tentang Eksistensi dan Peran Lembaga Adat dalam Membangun Perdamaian di Kota Lhokseumawe,” Ilmu Ushuluddin 3, No. 1 (2016).

Karolina, Asri, “Perbandingan Institusi Pendidikan yang Berkembang di Abad Klasik dengan Institusi Pendidikan Islam yang Berkembang di Indonesia,” Jurnal Tadrib 1, No. 1 (2015).

Mansari and Muslim Zainuddin, “Partisipasi Perempuan dalam Penyusunan Reusam Perlindungan Anak di Tingkat gampong di Aceh Besar,” Jurnal al-Muzawah 10, No. 2, (2018).

Mas’ud, Ali, Ah. Zakki Fuad and Achmad Zaini, “Evolution and Orientation of Islamic Education Indonesia and Malaysia,” Journal of Indonesian Islam 13, No. 1 (2019).

Latif, Lazuaradi Muhammad and Faisal bin Ahmad Shah, “The Understanding of Wasl al-Fiqh bi al-Hadith at Traditional Dayah Aceh,” Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial 16, No. 1 (2021).

Mursyid, “Corak Fiqh di Aceh Pada Masa Kerajaan (Kajian atas Naskah al-hadi al-Muhtaj fi Syarah al-Minhaj Karya Imam Abi Qasim Imamuddin Abdul Karim ar-Rifi’i,” Jurnal al-Qalam 17, No. 1 (2011).

Narayan, D., and Cassidy, M. F. A Dimensional Approach to Measuring Social Capital: Development and Validation of a Social Capital Inventory, Current Sociology 49, No. 2, (2001).

Natsir, Muhammad and Andi Rachmad, “Penetapan Asas Kearifan Lokal sebagai Kebijakan Pidana dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup di Aceh,” Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana 7, No. 4, (2018).

Nirzalin and Yogi Febriandi, “Teungku Dayah Agency and Religious Social Capital on Drug Eradication in Aceh, Indonesia,” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik 23, No. 3 (2020): 210-222.

Philip K. Hitti, History of The Arab, Jakarta: Serambi, 2006.

Pramasto, Arafah, “Analisis Etika Ilmu Pengetahuan dalam Kitab Hidayatussalikin Karangan Al-Palimbani Abad ke 18,” Jurnal Dimensi 9, No. 1, (2020).

Putnam, Robert D., Social Capital and Civid Community, USA: Infed, 2004.

Ridhwan, Abidin Nurdin and Sri Astuti A. Samad, “Dynamics of Islamic Education in The Land of Bugis: Growth, Development and Typology Pesantren in Bone,” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 175 (2018) 012158.

Rohmah, Anny Nailatur and Ashif Az Zafi, “Jejak Eksistensi Mazhab Syafi`i di Indonesia,” Tamaddun: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam 8, No. 1, (2020).

Sabirin, “Meunasah dan Ketahanan Masyarakat Gampong (Kajian Kritis terhadap Power of Local Wisdom,” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuraden 2, No. 2, (2015).

Sabirin, “Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pasca Konflik Berbasis Meunasah,” Jurnal al-Bayan 25, No. 1, (2019).

Salim, Arskal, Challenging the Seculer State: The Islamization of Law in Modern Indonesia, Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2008.

Salim and Erlies Septiana Nurbani, Penerapan Teori Hukum Pada Penelitian Disertasi dan Tesis, Buku Kedua, Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2017.

Samad, Sri Astuti A. “Kajian Hukum Keluarga Islam dalam Perspektif Sosiologi di Indonesia,” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 4, No. 1 (2021).

Soekanto, Soerjono, Pokok-Pokok Sosiologi Hukum, Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2011, p. 25.

Srimulyani, Eka, “Islamic Schooling in Aceh: Change, Reform, and Local Context,” Studia Islamika 20, No. 3, (2013).

Subakat, Rahayu, “Peranan Dayah dan Meunasah di Aceh dalam Membentuk Masyarakat Religius,” Jurnal As-salam 1, No. 3, (2017).

Suma, Muhammad Amin, Ridwan Nurdin and Irfan Khairul Umam, “The Implementation of Shari’a in Aceh: Between the Ideal and Factual,” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 20, No. 1 (2020).

Syeikh, Adam Saman, Islamic Education in Kenya: A Case study of Islamic Integrated Schools in Garissa Country, Nairobi: Thesis in Departemen of Philosophy and Religios Studies, University of Nairobi, 2013.

Tarigan, Azhari Akmal, Sejarah Sosial Hukum Islam, Medan: Citapustaka Media, 2013.

Tim Pusat Kajian Pendidikan dan Masyarakat, Evaluasi dan Pemetaan Beut Bakdah Magrib di Aceh, Laporan Penelitian Dinas Syariat Islam dan Pusat Kajian Pendidikan dan Masyarakat, 2014.

Tripa, Sulaiman, “Otoritas Gampong dalam Implementasi Syariat Islam di Aceh,” Jurnal Media Syariah XIV, No. 1 (2012).

Usman, Iskandar, “Revitalizing the Role and Function of the Mosque as a Center for Da’wah Activities and Community Development,” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, Vol 4, No. 1, 2020.

Van Bruinessen, Martin, Kitab Kuning, Pesantren dan Tarekat, Yogyakarta: Gading Publising, 2012.

Wahid, Abd., “Kontribusi Lembaga Adat dalam Implementasi Syariat Islam di Aceh,” Mizani 6, No. 2, (2019).

Zulkhairi, Teuku, “Pembelajaran Kitab Arab Melayu di Aceh Besar Sebagai Proses Transfer Ilmu Agama Islam dan Upaya Menjaga Budaya,” Jurnal Mudarrisuna 9, No. 2, (2019).

Laws and Regulations

Qanun Aceh Nomor 8 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pokok-Pokok Syariat Islam.

Qanun Aceh Nomor 9 Tahun 2008 tentang Pembinaan Kehidupan Adat dan Adat Istiadat.

Qanun Kabupaten Aceh Besar Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 tentang Pemerintahan Gampong.

Qanun Kota Banda Aceh Nomor 1 Tahun 2019 tentang Pemerintahan Gampong.

Qanun Aceh Nomor 5 Tahun 2003 tentang Pemerintahan Gampong.

Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh.

Internet Source

Sya’ban, A. Ginanjar, Sair al-Salikin, Terjemah Melayu Ihya Ulumuddin al-Ghazali Abad ke 18, https://www.nu.or.id/post/read/76030, accessed on August 3, 2021.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i2.10710