Application of the Principle of Truth to Judiciary Institutions: Discourse of Judges at the Makassar Religious High Court, Indonesia

Abdul Halim Talli; Andi Akram; Ashar Sinelele; Dahlan Dahlan; Lukman Hakim

doi:10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.14865

Application of the Principle of Truth to Judiciary Institutions: Discourse of Judges at the Makassar Religious High Court, Indonesia

Abdul Halim Talli, Andi Akram, Ashar Sinelele, Dahlan Dahlan, Lukman Hakim

Abstract

The application of the formal truth concept in civil courts, particularly religious courts, ought to have been abandoned. In several civil disputes, judges are guided by the pursuit of formal truth, resulting in unjust verdicts. This study examines the situation of the principle of formal truth in the investigation of civil matters in the Religious Courts and the view of the Makassar Religious High Court Judge regarding its application. This study is a legal-empirical investigation informed by legal philosophy. Techniques for data collecting consisting of in-depth interviews with key informants and research of court decisions and relevant literature. The findings of the study indicate that, first, the principle of formal truth that is applied to religious courts is still legitimate today, just as the HIR/RBg approach of proving civil cases in Indonesian civil courts is still valid. Second, the opinion of the judges of the Makassar Religious High Court regarding the application of the formal truth principle in the environmental courts of the religious courts demonstrates that, in general, the Makassar PTA judges believe that this principle must be applied as a trial process provision. In their opinion, the formal principle of truth serves as a guide for parties and judges when reviewing cases. Several other judges, however, believe that the formal truth principle should be substituted by the material truth.

Keywords

Formal truth, material truth, judge, religious court, Islamic legal philosophy

Full Text:

PDF

References

Journals and Books

Adam, Neni Sri Imaniyati dan Panji, Pengantar Hukum Indonesia Sejarah Dan Pokok-Pokok Hukum Indonesia, (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019).

Al-Jauziyah, Ibnu Qayyim, Al-Turuq Al-Hukmiyah Fi Al-Siyasah Al-Syar’iyah, Diterjemahkan Oleh Muhammad Jamil Ghazi, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2007).

Alfiander, Dodon, Disparity in the Considerations of Judges in Deciding Divorce, Juris: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 21, No. 1 (2021). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i1.5716.

Amiruddin. “Pertimbangan Hukum Hakim Terhadap Keterangan Saksi (Studi Kasus Pada Mahkamah Syar’iyah Di Aceh).” Syarah: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Ekonomi 9, No. 2 (2020).

Artha, Zulhery. “Pencarian Kebenaran Materiil Dalam Mengadili Sengketa Wakaf.” Tarjih: Jurnal Tarjih Dan Pengembangan Pemikiran Islam 13, No. 2 (2016).

Arto, H.A. Mukti. Praktek Perkara Perdata Pada Pengadilan Agama, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2011).

Asnawi, M. Natsir. Hukum Pembuktian Perkara Perdata Di Indonesia Kajian Kontekstual Mengenai Sistem, Asas, Prinsip, Pembebanan, Dan Standar Pembuktian, (Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2013).

Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Hukum Acara Pengujian Undang-Undang. Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal Mahkamah Konstitusi RI, 2006.

Berita. “Jual-Beli-Akta-Cerai-Palsu-Di-Marketplace.” Portal Majalengka. Pikiran Rakyat.Com, 2020.

Bilalu, Naskur, et.al., "Compilation of Islamic Law Judge's Concideration at a Religious Cuort in North Sulawesi, Indonesia," Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 6, No. 2 (2022). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i2.12441.

Efendi, Jonaedi and Johnny Ibrahim, Metode Penelitian Hukum: Normatif dan Empiris, Jakarta: Kencana, 2016.

Harahap, M. Yahya. Hukum Acara Perdata (Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian, Dan Putusan Pengadilan. Cet. ke 16. (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2015).

Harahap, M. Yahya, Hukum Acara Perdata Tentang Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian, Dan Putusan Pengadilan. Edisi Revi. (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2014).

Heryani, Achmad Ali dan Wiwie. Asas-Asas Hukum Pembuktian Perdata, Jakarta: Kencana, 2012.

Johari. “Kebenaran Materil Dalam Kajian Hukum Pidana.” Reusam: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, No. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.29103/reusam.v8i2.3811.

Lengkong, Lonna Yohanes. “Pembuktian Perdata.” Hukum 3, No. 1 (2017).

Lubis, Sulaikin, et.al., Hukum Acara Perdata Peradilan Agama di Indonesia, (Jakarta: Prenada, 2018).

Madkur, Muhammad Salam. Al-Qadha Fi Al-Islam, Diterjemahkan Oleh Imran AM. (Surabaya: Bina Ilmu, 1993).

Manan, Abdul, Penerapan Hukum Acara Perdata di Lingkungan Peradilan Agama. (Jakarta: Kencara, 2016).

Mertokusumo, Sudikno, Hukum Acara Perdata Indonesia, (Yogyakarta: Liberty, 2014).

Mubarak, Aulia, et.al., “Implementation of Marriage Istbat in Aceh,” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 21, No. 1 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v21i1.119-134.

Mursyid, "Ijtihad Hakim dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Harta Bersama di Mahkamah Syar'iyah Banda Aceh," Ar-Raniry: International Journal of Islamic Studies 1, No. 2 (2014).

Nurlaelawati, Euis, and Arskal Salim, “Gendering the Islamic Judiciary: Female Judges in the Religius Courts of Indonesia,” al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 51, No. 2 (2013). DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2013.512.247-278.

Oeripkartawinata, Retnowulan Sutantio dan Iskandar, Hukum Acara Perdata Dalam Teori Dan Praktek. Edisi Revisi. (Bandung: Mandar Maju, 2019).

Ramadhan, Suci and JM Muslimin, "Indonesian Religuis Court Decisions on Child Custody Cases: Between Positivism and Progresive Legal Thought," Juris: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 21, No. 1 (2022). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i1.5723.

Rasyid, H. Roihan A. Hukum Acara Peradilan Agama. (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2015).

Rofiq, Ahmad, Hukum Acara Perdata Islam, (Jakarta: Rajawali Pres, 2013).

Rohmawati and Ahmad Rofiq, "Legal Reasonings of Religiuos Court Judges in Deciding the Origin of Children: A Study on the Protection of Biological Children's Civil Rights", Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 21, No. 1 (2021).

Saefullah, Asep, "Peranan Alat Bukti dalam Hukum Acara Peradilan," Mahkamah: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 3, No. 1 (2018).

Sinaga, V. Harlen, Hukum Acara Perdata Dengan Pemahaman Hukum Materil, Jakarta: Erlangga, 2015.

Sutiyoso, Bambang, Aktualita Hukum Dalam Era Reformasi, Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2017.

Suteki and Galang Taufani, Metodologi Penelitian Hukum (Filsafat, Teori dan Praktik), Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2018.

Tata Wijayayanta, et.al., “Penerapan Prinsip Hakim Pasif Dan Aktif Serta Relevansinya Terhadap Konsep Kebenaran Formal.” Jurnal Mimbar Hukum 22, No. 3 (2010).

Wahyudi, Abdullah Tri, Hukum Acara Peradilan Agama Dilengkapi Contoh Surat-Surat Dalam Praktik Hukum Acara di Peradilan Agama. Edisi Revisi. Bandung: Mandar Maju, 2018.

Waluyo, Bambang. Sistem Pembuktian Dalam Peradilan Indonesia, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2013.

Wibowo, Mardian. “Problem Penemuan Kebenaran Dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi The Problems of Truth Discovery in Constitutional Court Decision.” Jurnal Konstitusi 13, No. 1 (2016).

Religious Court Judgment

Putusan Pengadilan Agama Nomor 641/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Pwl (2021).

Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Agama Nomor 75/Pdt.G/2022/PTA.Mks (2022).

Putusan Pengadilan Agama Nomor 202/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Sgm (2022).

Interviews

Interview with Mame Sadapal, Vice Chairman of the Makassar Religious High Court, in Makassar, July 20, 2022.

Interview with Abd. Munir S. South Sulawesi Religious High Court Judge, in Makassar, July 21, 2022.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.14865