Songkabala Tradition in the Makassarese Society: Local Values and Messages of the Al-Qur’an an Anthropological Perspective on Islamic Law

Sohrah Sohrah, Asmaul Husna, Rahmatul Akbar, Andi Sugirman, M. Thahir Arfah

Abstract


Local traditions as religious practices in Indonesian society experience dialectic and integration of Islamic teachings. Every ethnicity in Indonesia has socio-cultural mechanisms in dealing with calamities and disasters which are influenced by religion and customs. This then dialectic with the practice of Islamic law. The study seeks to examine songkabala, a tradition of mutual acceptance in the Makassarese society. These traditions are local values that contain Al-Qur’anic teachings. This is an empirical legal study employing an anthropological perspective on Islamic law. In-depth interviews and literature reviews focused on three districts inhabited by Makassarese, namely Maros, Gowa, and Takalar, were employed to collect data. The study indicates that songkabala is the spirit of Al-Qur’anic verses associated to human responses to calamity, including remembrance of Allah, gratitude, and ritualized prayer. Songkabala is a Makassarese folk tradition that contains Al-Qur’anic themes. The verses of the Al-Qur’an indicate that the command to pray and the remembrance of Allah are incorporated into the songkabala ritual. Consequently, there is no incompatibility between the songkabala tradition and the teachings of the Al-Qur’an.


Keywords


Songkabala tradition, Makassar ethnicity, local values, messages of the Al-Qur’an, anthropology of Islamic law

Full Text:

PDF

References


Journals and Books

Abdel-Khalek, AM, “Quality of life, Subjective Well-Being, and Religiosity in Muslim College Students,” Quality of Life Research, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-9676-7.

Agus, Bustanuddin, Agama dalam Kehidupan manusia Pengantar Antropologi Agama, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2005).

Al Munawar, Faishal Agil, “Abd Al-Majīd Al-Najjār’s Perpective on Maqāṣid Al-Sharī’ah,” Juris (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 20, No. 2 (2021). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v20i2.4281.

Al-Ayid, Ahmad, et.al., Al-’Mu’jam al-Arabi al-Asasi, (Beirut: Larus, 20030.

Al-Baqi’, Muhammad Fu’ad Abdul, Al-Mu’jam al-Mufahrazh al-Al-Qur’an al-Karim, (Beirut: Dar al- Ma’rifah,1992).

Al-Dimasyqi, Abu Fida’ Ismail Ibnu Katsir ad-Dimasyqi, Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, (Bandung: Sinar Baru al-Galesindo, 2000).

Al-Din Muhammad bin Mukrim Ibn Manzur al-Misri Abi Fadl, Lisan al-Arabi, Vol.7 (Libanon: Dar Sadir, 1414 H).

Al-Razy, Al-Fakhr al-Din, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Vol. 2, (Beiyrut: Dar al-Fikr,1985).

Al-Zuhaily, Wahbah, Tafsir al-Munir, Translated by Abdul Hayyie al-Kattani (Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2013).

Arinda R, Ichmi Yani. “Sedekah Bumi (Nyadran) sebagai Konvensi Tradisi Jawa dan Islam Masyarakat Bojonegoro,” El-Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam 16, No. 1 (2014). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v16i1.2771.

Basuki, Fibrika Rahmat, et.al., “Identification of Potential Local Wisdom of Senamat Ulu Village (Electrical Independent Village) As A Source of Science Learning,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1185012102. Doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1185/1/012102.

Bukido, Rosdalina, et.al., “Harmonization of Customary and Islamic Law in the Gama Tradition of the Muslim Mongondow Community of North Sulawesi”, Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 22, No. 2 (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v22i2.239-254.

Carbonnier, Gilles, (Editor.), International Development Policy: Religion and Development, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, (2013).

Celasin, H., et.al., “Quality of Life Measures in Islamic Rectal Carcinoma Patients Receiving Counselling,” Colorectal Disease, (2011). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02649.x

David Skarbek, “Alertness, Lokal Knowledge and Johnny Appleseed,” The Review of Austrian Economics 22, No. 4 (2019). Doi;10.1016/j.ijdrr,2019,101184.

Demaio Alessandro, Local Wisdom and Health, Health Promotion: Barrier or Catalyst?” Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 23, No. 2 (2009), doi: 10,1177/1010539509339607.

Duangta, Kanchana, et.al., “Knowledge Manadement of Pomelo Production System in Northest Thailand; Case Study of The Pomelo Farmer Group in Ban Thaen District,” Forest and Society (2), (2018).

Giri MC, Wahyana, Sajen dan Ritual Orang Jawa, (Yogyakarta: Narasi, 2010).

Gunara, Sandie, et.al., “Lokal Knowledge System of Kampung Naga: A Study to investigate the Educational Values of Indigenous People in Transmitting Religious and Cultural Values International Journal of Instruction 12, No. 3 (2019). DOI:10.29333/iji.2019.12314a.

Haq, Yahdi Dinul, et.al., “Bid’ah in Concept of Masalah Mursalah and Istihsan According to Imam Asy-Syatibi,” Juris (Jurnal Ilmu Syariah) 20, No. 2 (2021). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v20i2.3352.

Hasbullah, et.al., “Ritual Tolak Bala pada Masyarakat Melayu (Kajian pada Masyarakat Petalangan Kecamatan Kuras Kabupaten Pelalawan),” Jurnal Ushuluddin 25, No. 1 (2017). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jush.v25i1.2742.

Humaeni, Ayatullah, Menelusuri Makna dan Akar Tradisi Sesajen Masyarakat Muslim Banten dan Masyarakat Hindu Bali, Serang Banten, LP2M UIN SMH Banten, 2021.

Idrus, Muhammad Ramli, Membedah Bid’ah dan Tradisi dalam Perspektif Ahli Hadis dan Ulama Salafi (Surabaya: Khalista, 2000).

Irman, “Songkabala: Tradisi Menolak Bencana Masyarakat Islam Desa Minasa Upa Kabupaten Maros Sulawesi Selatan,” Action Reseacrh Literate 5, No. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.46799/arl.v5i2.87.

Jeumpa, Nurul, Nilai-nilai Agama Islam; Pedagogik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Fakultas Tarbiyah Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh 4, No. 2 (2018).

Kasim, Fajri M. and Abidin Nurdin, “Study of Sociological Law on Conflict Resolution Through Adat in Aceh Community According to Islamic Law”, Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 4, No. 2 (2020). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i2.8231.

Kementrian Agama Republik Indonesia, Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya, Jakarta: Darussunnah, 2013.

Madrian, Revi, “Living Teologi Tradisi Tolak Bala Bepapas Pada Masyarakat Desa Parit Setia Kecamatan Jawai Kabupaten Sambas Kalimantan Barat,” Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ushuluddin 1, No. 3 (2021). DOI: 10.15575/jpiu.12242260.

Mardan, Wawasan Al-Qur’an tentang Malapetaka, (Jakarta: Kharisma Ilmu, 2000).

Muhaimin, Islam dalam Bingkai Budaya Lokal; Potret dari Cirebon, (Ciputat: Logos Wacana Ilmu, 2001).

Nasir, Mohamad Abdun, “Revitising the Javanese Muslim Slametan: Islam, Local Tradition, Honor and Symbolic Communication,” al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 57, No. 2 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2019.572.329-358

O’dea, Thomas F, Sosiologi Agama Suatu Pengantar, Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2001.

Piotr, Sztompka, Sosiologi Perubahan Sosial, (Jakarta: Prenada, 2004).

Sabri, Muhammad, “Tasbih dan Bakul: Studi Antropologi Agama tentang Songkabala,” Jurnal Adyaan 1, No. 1 (2014).

Saebani, Beni Ahmad and Encup Supriatna, Antopologi Hukum, (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2017).

Setten, Guinhild, and H. Lein, ”We Draw on What We Knouw Anyway”: The Meaning and Rule of Local Knowledge in Natural Hazard Management. International Jurnal of Disarter Risk Reduction 38, (2019). 101184. Doi:10,1016/j.ijdrr.019.101184.

Shihab M. Quraish, “Musibah dalam Perspektif al-Al-Qur’an,” Jurnal Studi al-Al-Qur’an I, No. 1 (2006).

Shihab M. Quraish, Tafsir al-Misbah: Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian al-Al-Qur’an, Vol. X, Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2002.

Shisls, Edward, Traditions, (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1981).

Sodiqin, Ali, “Antropologi Hukum sebagai Pendekatan dalam Penelitian Hukum Islam,” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 7, No. 1 (2013). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v7i1.581.

Suhaimi, et.al., “Binsabin dan Tongngebban as Madurese Local Wisdom: An Anthropology of Islamic Law Analyses”, al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial 16, No. 1 (2021). DOI: http://doi.org/10.19105/al-ihkam.v16i1.3861.

Sutikno, Function and Meaning of Tolak Bala (Ward off Misfortune) Ritual in Malay Serdang Indonesia, The International Jurnal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, Vol.4, Issue 8, Agustus 2017.

Suwardi, Endraswara, Agama Jawa. Ajaran, Amalan, dan Asal-Usul Kejawen, Yogyakarta: Narasi, 2015.

Sya’rawi, Muhammad Mutawaali, Tafsir Sya’rawi, Translated by Safir al-Azhar, (Medan: Duta Azhar, 2006).

Interviews

Interview with Alimuddin, Religious Counsellor in Maros Regency, October 2021.

Interview with Abdul Latif, Ex Religious Cleric in Nisombalia Village, Marusu, Maros Regency, August 2021.

Interview with Daeng Kenna, Religious Figure of Batangkaluku, Somba Opu, Gowa Regency, September 2021.

Interview with Lawi Daeng Sakking, Community Figure, Patte’ne, South Polongbangkeng Takalar regency, September 2021.

Interview with Daeng Gassing, tupanrita (Cultural Figure) in Pangkabinanga, Gowa Regency, September 2021.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.16689

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Sohrah Sohrah, Asmaul Husna, Rahmatul Akbar, Andi Sugirman, M. Thahir Arfah

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam has been indexed by:

Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam
P-ISSN 2549-3132
E-ISSN 2549-3167