The Bilateral Inheritance System in Islamic Family Law: Fairness, Equality, and Mutual Exchange Perspectives
Abstract
This article aims to demonstrate that bilateral inheritance is a system of inheritance that is intended to embody the principles of equal justice in Islamic family law. Hazairin, the pioneer of bilateral inheritance, has initiated the implementation of these principles. However, there are still some issues that need to be addressed in some circumstances. This study employs a juridical legal approach, examining it through the lens of John Rawls' theory of justice and Mubādalah Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir's theory. The studied material consists of notions and perspectives concerning the distribution of inheritance in Islamic law, derived from the Qur’an, hadith, and the viewpoints of ulama and legal professionals. The article's conclusion demonstrates that, according to John Rawls's theory of justice and Mubādalah Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir's theory, bilateral inheritance, when interpreted in a mutually equitable manner, establishes equal positions for men and women in terms of both lineage and inheritance, based on their individual circumstances. Under circumstances where women, like men, can inherit all assets as sole heirs without contravening the explicit restrictions of the text, Furthermore, the allocation of inherited assets can be executed without any complex calculations or meticulous planning, since these assets can be fully utilized without any surplus or diminishing the portion received by the heirs. This essay aims to highlight Hazairin's innovative proposal for ensuring fair treatment in inheritance disputes while also addressing the theological issues that have been overlooked. Consequently, it is possible to examine Hazairin's thesis by employing Rawls' theory of justice and Mubjadi Faqihuddin's theory.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Journals and Books
Abu Bakar. “Pemikiran Hukum Kewarisan Bilateral: Studi Pemikiran Hazairin.” Al-Banjari: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 6, No. 11, 2007.
Al-Marāgi, Aḥmad Muṣţafā, Tafsīr al-Marāgī. Mesir: Syarikah Maktabah wa Maṭba’ah Muṣţafā al-Bābī, 1946.
Al-Yasa, Abubakar. “Ahli Waris Sepertalian Darah: Kajian Perbandingan terhadap Penalaran Hazairin dan Penalaran Fiqh Mazhab.” Disertasi, Fakultas Pascasarjana IAIN Sunan Kalijaga, 1989.
Aniroh, Reni Nur. “Mempertegas Ide Kesetaraan Gender dalam Sistem Kewarisan Bilateral: Sistem Waris Bilateral Pasca Hazairin.” Al-Ahwal 13, No. 2. 2020.
Anshori, Abdul Ghofur. “Konsep Kewarisan Bilateral Hazairin: Studi Filasafat Hukum Kewarisan Islam di Indonesia.” Disertasi, Universitas Gajah Mada, 2004.
Assaad, Andi Sukmawati, and Baso Hasyim. “Judges Decisions of Makassar, Palopo, and Masamba Religious Court Over the Islamic Inheritance Law.” Al-’Adalah 17, No. 2. 2020.
Cammack, Mark. “Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia: The Influence of Hazairin’s Theory of Bilateral Inheritance.” Australian Journal of Asian Law 4, 2002.
Djawas, Mursyid, et.al., “The Construction of Islamic Inheritance Law: A Comparative Study of The Islamic Jurisprudence and The Compilation of Islamic Law,” Juris (Jurnal Ilmiah Syari’ah) 21, No. 2 (2022). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i2.7495.
Fattah, Damanhuri, “Teori Keadilan Menurut John Rawls.” Jurnal Tapis: Jurnal Teropong Aspirasi Politik Islam 9, No. 2 (2013).
Habib, Muchlis Samfrudin, “Sistem Kewarisan Bilateral Ditinjau dari Maqashid al-Syari’ah.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari’ah 9, (2017).
Hammad, Muchammad, “Waris dan Wasiat dalam Hukum Islam: Studi atas Pemikiran Hazairin dan Munawir Sjadzali.” At-Tahdzib: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Muamalah 3, (2015).
Haryanti, Sri Suci, “Pembagian Waris bagi Anak Laki-Laki dan Perempuan Adat Suku Sasak Perspektif Teori Keadilan John Rawls: Studi di Dusun Sade Desa Rembitan Kecamatan Pujut Lombok Tengah.” Tesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, 2019.
Hazairin, Hukum Kekeluargaan Nasional. Jakarta: Tintamas, 1982.
Hazairin, Hukum Kewarisan Bilateral menurut Qur’an dan Hadith. Jakarta: P.T. Tintamas Indonesia, 1982.
Huda, Miftahul and Tri Wahyu Hidayati,” The Concept of Muḥammad Shaḥrūr on Gender Parity in Inheritance Legislation,” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 6, No. 2 (2023). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i2.18121
Jamil, Rosidi, “Hukum Waris dan Wasiat (Sebuah Perbandingan antara Pemikiran Hazairin dan Munawir Sjadzali).” Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 10, 2017.
Junaedi, Mahfudz. “Epistemologi Fikih Mazhab Indonesia: Studi atas Pemikiran Hazairin.” Disertasi, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, 2017.
Khodary, Yasmin, “What Difference Can It Make? Assessing the Impact of Gender Equality and Empowerment In Matters of Inheritance in Egypt,” The Journal of Midlle East and Africa 9, No. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2018.1499336.
Kodir, Faqihuddin Abdul. Perempuan (Bukan) Sumber Fitnah!: Menguji Ulang Hadis dengan Metode Mubādalah. Bandung: Afkaruna.id, 2021.
Kodir, Faqihuddin Abdul. “Perempuan dan Teks (Perspektif Mubadalah).” Dipresentasikan pada HALO dari ADHKI Seri 3: Perempuan dalam Teks, ADHKI Channel, 10 September 2020.
Kodir, Faqihuddin Abdul, Qirā’ah Mubādalah: Tafsir Progresif untuk Keadilan Gender dalam Islam. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2019.
Lukito, Ratno. “Sustainabilitas Hukum Waris Islam di Indonesia.” Majalah Peradilan Agama, Desember 2016.
Lukito, Ratno. “The Enigma of National Law in Indonesia: The Supreme Court’s Decisions on Gender-Neutral Inheritance.” Journal of Legal Pluralism 52, 2006.
Muchlis, Abdul Mu’thi. “Pembagian Hak Waris Sangkolan Berbasis Gender Perspektif Qira’ah Mubadalah dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam.” Tesis, Universitas Islam Malang, 2023.
Najib, Agus Moh. “Metodologi Ijtihad Mazhab Indonesia: Menelusuri Pemikiran Ushul Fikih Hazairin.” Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum 50, No. I (2016).
Nasution, Khoiruddin. Pengantar dan Pemikiran Hukum Keluarga (Perdata) Islam Indonesia. Yogyakarta: ACAdeMIA, 2019.
Nofiardi, and Syafwan Rozi. “Penerapan Nilai Toleransi antar Budaya dalam Pelaksanaan Hukum Kewarisan Islam pada Masyarakat Perbatasan di Rao Pasaman Sumatera Barat.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 17, No. 1 (2017).
Nurlaelawati, Euis. “Menuju Kesetaraan dalam Aturan Kewarisan Islam Indonesia: Kedudukan Anak Perempuan vs Saudara Kandung.” Dalam Problematika Hukum Kewarisan Islam Kontemporer di Indonesia, 211–30. Jakarta: Puslitbang Kehidupan Keagamaan Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementrian Agama RI, 2012.
Permana, Sugiri. “Implications of Hazairin and Munawir Sjadzali Thoughts in Establishment of Islamic Inheritance in Indonesia.” AHKAM 18 (2018).
Powers, David Stephan. Peralihan Kekayaan dan Politik Kekuasaan: Kritik Historis Hukum Waris. translation by Arif Maftuhin. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2001.
Rahman, Ulfiani, et.al., “Men and Women in The Distribution of Inheritance in Mandar, West Sulawesi, Indonesia.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 6, No. 1. (2022).
Rawls, John. A theory of justice. Rev. ed. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999.
Sarmadi, A. Sukris. Transendensi Keadilan Hukum Waris Islam Transformatif. Cet. 1. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 1997.
Sukiati. “Hazairin’s Legal Thought and His Contribusion Towards The Indonesian Legal System.” Journal of Indonesian Islam 6 (Juni 2012): 93–124.
Syahrur, Muhammad. Naḥwa Uṣūl Jadīdah li al-Fiqh al-Islāmī. Damaskus: al-Ahālī li aṭ-ṭibā’ah li an-Nasyr wa at-Tawzī’, 2000.
Wadud, Amina. Qur’an and Women: Rereading The Sacred Text from A Woman’s Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.17630
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Reni Nur Aniroh, Khoiruddin Nasution, Ali Sodiqin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam has been indexed by:
