The Role of Women in Politics in Indonesia
Critical Review of Islamic Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/dqmjva57Keywords:
women, politics, Indonesia, Islamic law, participationAbstract
The role of women in politics in Indonesia continues to be a relevant topic in social and religious discourse. Although women's participation in politics has increased since the reform era, their representation is still far from the ideal proportions. This phenomenon raises various questions about the obstacles faced by women, especially in the context of a strong patriarchal culture and religious interpretations that often limit women's space for movement. This study aims to analyze the role of women in Indonesian politics through a critical review of Islamic Law. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through literature studies involving classical and contemporary Islamic literature, relevant laws, and empirical data related to women's participation in Indonesian politics. The results of the study show that normatively, Islam provides space for women to contribute in the public sphere, including politics, by emphasizing the principles of justice and equality. However, its implementation in the Indonesian context is still influenced by conservative religious interpretations and unsupportive social structures. In addition, factors such as lack of access to political education, gender stigma, and lack of institutional support also reinforce these barriers. This study recommends a more inclusive reinterpretation of religious texts and the strengthening of affirmative policies to increase the role of women in politics. With this effort, it is hoped that a fairer and more participatory political ecosystem will be created, in line with Islamic and democratic values.
References
Abduh, Muhammad, and M. Rasyid Ridha. Tafsir Al-Manar. Mesir: Dar Al-Manar, 1954.
Adi, Rianto. Metodologi Penelitian Sosial dan Hukum. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2021.
Admin. “KemenPPPA Dorong Keterwakilan Perempuan Dalam Politik Melalui Seminar Nasional ‘Suksesi Suara Pemilih Pemula Untuk Pemilu 2024.’” Keterwakilan Perempuan dalam Politik, 2023. https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/index.php/page/view/NDgzOQ==.
Ahlan, Ahlan. “REINTERPRETASI HADIS KEPEMIMPIN PEREMPUAN (KRITIK HERMENEUTIKA AMINA WADUD).” Ushuluna: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin 8, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 62–76.
Ahlan, Ahlan, Nurwahidah Nurwahidah, Rahman Rahman, and Lailiyatun Nafisah. “Islamic Perspective Gender Concept and Its Relevance to Social Resilience.” JURNAL PENDIDIKAN IPS 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 197–204. https://doi.org/10.37630/jpi.v14i1.1644.
Al-Mawardi. Al-Nukat Wa al-Uyun,. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyah, 2007.
Al-Qurthubi, Imam Syamsuddin. Al-Jami’ Li-Ahkam al-Qur’an. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyah, 1994.
Anggraini, Dewi, Ilham Havifi, Lusi Puspika Sari, and Andre Gunawan. “Analyzing The Effectiveness of 30% Gender Affirmative Action Policy in Indonesia.” KnE Social Sciences 9, no. 23 (July 30, 2024): 305–15. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i23.16731.
Arhansyah, Revian Jedha, Nadhil Najwan Putra Cahya, Muhamad Febri Pribadi, and Ifyar Aztyardi Anhar. “Analisis Sistem Pemilu Proporsional Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Representasi Politik Perempuan Di Indonesia.” Aktivisme: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Politik Dan Sosial Indonesia 1, no. 3 (June 13, 2024): 226–34. https://doi.org/10.62383/aktivisme.v1i3.347.
Asad, Muhammad. The message of the Quran: tafsir Al-Quran bagi orang-orang yang berpikir. Bandung: Mizan, 2017.
Auda, Jasser. Maqasid Al-Shari’ah as Philosophy of Islamic Law. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), 2022.
Aulya, Aziza, Andi Pangerang Moenta, and Hamzah Halim. “Perempuan Dan Politik: Menakar Kebijakan Affirmative Action Dalam Sistem Kepartaian.” Amanna Gappa, November 23, 2022, 126–36. https://doi.org/10.20956/ag.v30i2.24214.
Azra, Azyumardi. Membongkar Peranan Perempuan Dalam Bidang Keilmuan. Jakarta: JPPR, 1990.
Badran, Margot. Feminism in Islam: Secular and Religious Convergences. London: Simon and Schuster, 2013.
Barkatulla, Fatima. Khadijah Story of Islam’s First Lady. London: Learning Roots, 2023.
Barlas, Asma. Believing Women in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur’an. Texas: University of Texas Press, 2019.
Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex. New York: Vintage Books, 2010.
Bourdieu, Pierre. “Distinction a Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste.” In Inequality. London: Routledge, 2006.
Casanova, José. “Public Religions Revisited.” In Christentum Und Solidarität, edited by Christian Spieß, Hermann-Josef Große-Kracht, and Hermann-Josef Große Kracht. Switzerland: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2008. https://doi.org/10.30965/9783657766710_017.
Cornwall, Andrea, and Karen Brock. “What Do Buzzwords Do for Development Policy? A Critical Look at ‘Participation’, ‘Empowerment’ and ‘Poverty Reduction.’” Third World Quarterly 26, no. 7 (October 1, 2005): 1043–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590500235603.
Efendi, Jonaedi, and Prasetijo Rijadi. Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Empiris. Jakarta: Kencana, 2022.
Engineer, Asgharali. The Qurʼan, Women, and Modern Society. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 2005.
Faizal, Liky. “PEREMPUAN DALAM POLITIK (Kepemimpinan Perempuan Perspektif Al-Qur’an).” Jurnal Tapis: Jurnal Teropong Aspirasi Politik Islam 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2016): 93–110. https://doi.org/10.24042/tps.v12i1.830.
Fauziah, Marsyifa Novia, Mochamad Faizal Rizki, and Rachmat Ramdani. “TANTANGAN KETERWAKILAN PEREMPUAN DALAM POLITIK FORMAL.” Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Widya Praja 49, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 12–22. https://doi.org/10.33701/jipwp.v49i1.3034.
Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Penguin Books, 2017.
Gusmansyah, Wery. “Dinamika Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Kehidupan Politik Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hawa : Studi Pengarus Utamaan Gender Dan Anak 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.29300/hawapsga.v1i1.2233.
Hassan, R. “Women in Islam: Qur’anic Ideals versus Muslim Realities.” Planned Parenthood Challenges 15, no. 2 (1995): 5–9.
Ibn Katsir. Al-Bidayah Wa Al-Nihayah. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyah, 2005.
Iriansyah, Herinto Sidik. “Tantangan Dan Peluang Perempuan Dalam Berpolitik Di Indonesia : Masyarakat Patriarki.” Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan (JIP) STKIP Kusuma Negara 8, no. 2 (January 15, 2017): 1–14.
Isjoni, M. Yogi Riyantama, Muhammad Ikhsan, Adinda Asmaratul Husni, Deska Nindia Putri, Diah Uli Tua, Fitriani Tricahyani, Grisdienta Carriffino, et al. “Kesetaraan Gender Mendorong Wanita Sebagai Pemimpin Yang Berpengaruh Dan Berdaya Saing.” ASPIRASI : Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian Dan Kegiatan Masyarakat 1, no. 6 (November 15, 2023): 135–44. https://doi.org/10.61132/aspirasi.v1i6.88.
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. “‘Maqāṣid Al-Sharī’ah’: The Objectives of Islamic Law.” Islamic Studies 38, no. 2 (1999): 193–208.
Karmanis, Karmanis. “PARTISIPASI POLITIK DAN KETERWAKILAN PEREMPUAN DI PARLEMEN.” MIMBAR ADMINISTRASI FISIP UNTAG Semarang 19, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 01–15. https://doi.org/10.56444/mia.v19i1.562.
Katsir, Ibnu. Tafsir Ibnu Katsir. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2008.
Kimmel, Michael S. The Gendered Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Lee, Bandy X., Finn Kjaerulf, Shannon Turner, Larry Cohen, Peter D. Donnelly, Robert Muggah, Rachel Davis, et al. “Transforming Our World: Implementing the 2030 Agenda Through Sustainable Development Goal Indicators.” Journal of Public Health Policy 37, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 13–31. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-016-0002-7.
Maleong, Lexy J. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2014.
Mansbridge, Jane. “Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent ‘Yes.’” The Journal of Politics 61, no. 3 (August 1999): 628–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/2647821.
Mawardi, Imam al-. Al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1996.
Media, Kompas Cyber. “Survei: Perempuan Ingin Ikut Partisipasi Politik Demi Generasi Penerus.” KOMPAS.com, March 2, 2023. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2023/03/02/23593111/survei-perempuan-ingin-ikut-partisipasi-politik-demi-generasi-penerus.
Mernissi, Fatima. The Veil And The Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation Of Women’s Rights In Islam. New York: Basic Books, 1992.
Mulia, Musdah. Perempuan Dan Politik. Jakarta: Gramedia, 2005.
Nelli, Jumni. “EKSISTENSI PEREMPUAN PADA LEMBAGA POLITIK FORMAL DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KESETARAAN GENDER.” Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama Dan Jender 14, no. 2 (2015): 254–76.
Norris, Pippa, and Ronald Inglehart. Cultural Barriers to Women’s Leadership: A Worldwide Comparison. New York: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Nurhayati, Siti. “Perempuan Dalam Pemilu 2019, Antara Harapan Dan Kenyataan,” 2019. https://www.kpu.go.id/berita/baca/7829/Sebanyak-575-anggota-DPR-RI-2019-2024-terpilih-resmi-dilantik-dan-diambil-sumpahnya-pada-1-Oktober-2019-lalu.-Dari-jumlah-itu-sebanyak-463-orang--80-52-persen--adalah-laki-laki-dan-112-orang--19-48-persen--perempuan.
Nussbaum, Martha C. Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011.
———. Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
———. Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Partini, Partini. “Politik Adil Gender : Sebuah Paradoks.” Jurnal Pemikiran Sosiologi 1, no. 2 (December 14, 2015): 39. https://doi.org/10.22146/jps.v1i2.23440.
Phillips, Anne. “Seven Dealing with Difference: A Politics of Ideas, or a Politics of Presence?” In Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political, edited by Seyla Benhabib, 139–52. Amerika Serikat: Princeton University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691234168-008.
Pitkin, Hanna F. The Concept of Representation. California: University of California Press, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520340503.
Qaradawi, Yusuf al-. The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam. Selangor: The Other Press, 2013.
Qardhawi, Yusuf. Fiqih Dawlah: dalam perspektif al-Qur’an dan sunnah. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 1997.
———. Min Huda Al-Islam: Fatawa Mu’asira. Kuwait: Darul Kalam, 2005.
Rahim, Lily Zubaidah. Muslim Secular Democracy: Voices from Within. New York: Springer, 2013.
Rahman, Fazlur. Islam & Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017.
Rai, Shirin M., Carole Spary, Shirin M. Rai, and Carole Spary. Performing Representation: Women Members in the Indian Parliament. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
Saribu, Yerobeam. “TINJAUAN KONSTITUSIONAl PASAL 27 AYAT (1) UUD 1945 TENTANG PERSAMAAN KEDUDUKAN DI DEPAN HUKUM PADA PROSES PENANGKAPAN BAGI SESEORANG YANG DIDUGA MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA.” LEX ADMINISTRATUM 6, no. 1 (July 19, 2018). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/administratum/article/view/20332.
Shāṭibī, Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsá. Al- Muwafaqat Fi Usul al-Shariah. Garnet Publishing, 2011.
Subhan, Prof Dr Zaitunah. Al-Qur’an dan Perempuan. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2015.
Sugiyono. Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Vol. Cet. 12. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2016.
Sullivan, Donna J. “Gender Equality and Religious Freedom: Toward a Framework for Conflict Resolution.” New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 24 (1992 1991): 795.
Syafieh, Syafieh, and Nurbaiti Nurbaiti. “POTRET KARAKTERISTIK KEPEMIMPINAN PEREMPUAN (Analisis Semiotika Surat Al-Naml: 23-44).” Jurnal At-Tibyan: Jurnal Ilmu Alqur’an Dan Tafsir 3, no. 1 (August 9, 2018): 42–55. https://doi.org/10.32505/at-tibyan.v3i1.477.
Wadud, Amina. “Inside the Gender Jihad: Women’s Reform in Islam.” Praktyka teoretyczna, no. 08 (2013): 249–62.
———. Qur’an and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman’s Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Weber, Max. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. California: Univ of California Press, 1978.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Aslati Rahman, Silawati, Sofia Hardani, Khairunnas Jamal, Muhammad Albahi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. (See The Effect of Open Acces)
