Balinese Muslim Minority Rights in Education and Islamic Family Law
Abstract
Islam came in peace to Bali in the 14th century, initiated by communities from Java, and followed by those from Bugis, Makassar, Lombok, and even Malays and Arabs. Muslims in Bali are a minority group, which only accounts for 10.08% of the total population of Bali. This study aims to examine the rights of the Balinese Muslim minority in education and Islamic family law. This study is empirical legal research that examines the law in relation to problems in society realistically, or a socio-legal study, using a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques included interview, observation, and literature review. The respondents interviewed were selected purposively from the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the Mosque Management, the Provincial Council of Ulema, and the local Muslim community. The findings reveal that the rights of Balinese Muslim minority in terms of education, both formal and informal, are displayed through strengthening the family resilience by building the spirit of Islam, carrying out children’s education in an Islamic way by promoting tolerance, and sending children to Islamiceducational institutions such as Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur' an (TPA), Raudhatul Atfhal (RA), pesantrens, and madrasas. Further, Islamic family law is implemented in matters of marriage, divorce, waqf, child guardianship, and joint property under the simple, fast, and low-cost principles carried out by the Office of Religious Affairs, Religious Counselors, and the Religious Courts in Denpasar. It seems that historical bonding is highly fundamental that allows the Muslims and the Balinese people in general to continue to live in harmony and peace to this day.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Books and Journals
Ali, Achmad, Menguak Teori Hukum dan Teori Peradilan, Cet. V. Jakarta: Kencana, 2013.
Ali, Mukti, Agama dalam Pembentukan Kepribadian Nasional, Yogyakarta: Yayasan An-Nida, 1969.
Anam, Choirul, Upaya Negara Menjamin Hak-Hak Kelompok Minoritas di Indonesia: Sebuah Laporan Awal, Jakarta: Komnas HAM, 2016.
Annisa, Rizky, “Peninggalan Sejarah Islam di Buleleng Bali,” Istoria: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah 16, No. 1 (2020). DOI: 10.21831/istoria.v16i1.16495.
Anwar, Choirul. “Islam dan Kebhinekaan di Indonesia: Peran Agama dalam Merawat Perbedaan” Zawiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 4, No. 2 (2018): 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/zjpi.v4i2.1074.
Azhari, Muhammad Tahir, Negara Hukum Suatu Studi tentang Prinsip-Prinsipnya, Dilihat dari Segi Hukum Islam, Implementasinya pada Periode Negara Madinah dan Masa Kini, Jakarta: Kencana, 2003.
Bahri, Samsul, Membumikan Syari’at Islam, Semarang: Pustaka Rizki Putra, 2007.
Basyir, Kunawi, “The “Acculturative Islam” As a Type of Home-Grown Islamic Tradistion Religion and Local Culture in Bali,” Journal of Indonesian Islam 13, No. 2 (2019). DOI: 10.15642/JIIS.2019.13.2.326-349.
Biro Perencanaan Kemenag RI. Statistik Perencanaan Kementerian Agama 2019, Jakarta: Biro Perencanaan Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Agama, 2019.
Darna, Andi, Perkembangan Hukum Islam di Indonesia: Konsep Fiqih Sosial dan Implementasinya dalam Hukum Keluarga, El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 4, No. 1 (2021). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v4i1.8780.
Diana, Nina, “Islam Masuk ke Bali dan Dampaknya terhadap Perkembangan Islam di Bali,” Jurnal Tamaddun 4, No. 2 (2016). DOI: 10.24235/tamaddun.vli2.1178.
Echol, John M. dan Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris – Indonesia, Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Jakarta, 2000.
Editorial Team, Program Kerja Pengadilan Agama Denpasar 2020, Religious Court of Denpasar, 2020.
Elkhairati, “Piagam Madinah dan Spiritnya dalam Undang-Undang Dasar (UUD) 1945” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 4, No. 1 (2019): 51-68, DOI: 10.29240/jhi.v4i1.776.
Gazalba, Sidi, Kebudayaan Sebagai Ilmu, Jakarta: Pustaka Antara, 1979.
Hajjaj, Muslim bin, Shahih Muslim, Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turats, n.d.
Hakim, Abdul. “Negara Dalam Perspektif Plato”. Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin 9, No. 1 (2010): 59-74, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/jiu.v9i1.1410.
Hanbal, Ahmad bin, Musnad al-Iman Ahmad bin Hanbal, Cairo: Muassasah Qurtubiyyah, n.d.
Kartini, Indriana, “Dinamika Kehidupan Minoritas Muslim di Bali,” Jurnal Masyarakat Indonesia 37, No. 2 (2011). DOI: https://doi.org/10.14203/jmi.v37i2.635.
Khallaf, ‘Abd al-Wahhab, ‘Ilm-Usul al-Fiqh. n.p.: Maktabah al-da’wah al-Islamiyah, 8th Ed., n.d.
Khuza’i, Muhd, “Problem Definisi Gender: Kajian atas Konsep Nature dan Nurture” Jurnal Kalimah 11, No. 1 (2013): 101-118, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/klm.v11i1.486.
Koentjaraningrat, Kebudayaan, Mentalitas dan Pembangunan, Jakarta: PPPB, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1993.
Koentjaraningrat, Pengantar Ilmu Antropologi, Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 2009.
Laurie, Timothy, and Rimi Khan. “The Concept of Minority for the Study of Culture” Continuum: Jurnal of Media & Cultural Studies 31, No. 1 (2017): 1-12, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2016.1264110.
Lopa, Baharuddin, Al-Qur'an dan Hak-Hak Azasi Manusia, Yogyakarta: Dana Bakti Prima Yasa, 1999.
Malarangan, Hilal, “Pembaruan Hukum Islam dalam Hukum Keluarga di Indonesia” Jurnal Hunafa V, No. 1 (2018): 37-44, DOI: 10.24239/jsi.v5i1.150.37-44.
Moleong, Lexy J, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2002.
Muhajir, Noeng, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, Yogyakarta: Reka Sarasin, 1996.
Muslikhati, Siti, Feminisme dan Pemberdayaan Perempuan dalam Timbangan Islam, Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2004.
Nambo, Abdulkadir B. and Muhamad Rusdiyanto Puluhuluwa. “Memahami Tentang Beberapa Konsep Politik, (Suatu Telaah dari Sistem Politik)” Jurnal Mimbar 21, No. 2 (2005): 262-285, DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v21i2.177.
Putri, Nella Sumika. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kelompok Agama Minoritas dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia” Jurnal Vej 4, No. 1 (2018): 155-179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.25123/vej.2912.
Saladin, Bustami, Tradisi Merari Suku Sasak di Lombok dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam, Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial 8, No. 1 (2013). https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v8i1.338.
Samad, Sri Astuti A., Kajian Hukum Keluarga Islam dalam Perspektif Sosiologis di Indonesia, El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 4, No. 1 (2021): 138-152. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v4i1.9899.
Schäublin, Hauser and Brigitta, “Bali Aga and Islam: Ethinity, Ritual Practice, and “Old-Balinese” as an Antropological Construct,” Indonesia 77, (2004).
Segara, I Nyoman Yoga, Becoming Balinese Islam: Bale Banjar and Subak in Islamic Village of Segara Katon, Karangasem Bali, Etnosia: Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia 4, No. 4 (2019).
Setiawan, Eko. “Dinamika Pembaharuan Hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia” De Jure: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum 6, No. 2 (2014): 138-147, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v6i2.3207
Supriono et al. Pendidikan Keluarga dalam Perspektif Masa Kini, Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jenderal Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Masyarakat, 2015.
Susanti, Dyah Ochtorina and A’an Efendi, Penelitian Hukum (Legal Reseach), Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2014.
Teng, Muhammad Bahar Akkase. “Filsafat Kebudayaan dan Sastra (Dalam Perspektif Sejarah)” Jurnal Ilmu Budaya 5 No. 1 (2017): 69-75, https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jib/article/view/2360
Wahib, Abdul. “Pergulatan Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Kawasan Minoritas Muslim” Jurnal Walisongo 19, No. 2 (2011): 467-482, DOI: 10.21580/ws.19.2.169
Zaini, Muhammad Reza. “Perjalanan Menjadi Cina Benteng: Studi Identitas Etnis Cina di Desa Situgadung” Jurnal Sosiologi Masyarakat 19, No. 1 (2014): 93-117, DOI: https://doi/org/10.7454/mjs.v19i1.4698.
Internet
Prawiro M. “Pengertian Informal: Pengertian, Fungsi, Ciri-ciri dan Contohnya”. 2018. https://www.maxmanroe.com/vid/umum/pendidikan-informal.html, accessed on February 8, 2021.
Ditpontren Kemenag, (https://bali.kemenag.go.id/provinsi/berita/14375/seluruh-santri-pada-55-pondok-pesantren-di-bali-sehat-wal-afiat), accessed on February 8, 2021.
Interviews
Interview with Abu Adam, Trader at Gelgel, Klungkung, Dempasar, on February 19, 2020.
Interview with Adriman, Religious Figure in Kekutatan Jembrana on February 22, 2020.
Interview with Eko Tugas Pribadi, Member of MUI of Bali Province on February 18, 2020.
Interview with Imam Taufiq, Religious Figure in Denpasar on February 18, 2020.
Interview with Mahmudi, Community Figure in Denpasar on February 25, 2020
Interview with Mulyono, Community Figure in Denpasar on February 26, 2020.
Interview with Munasim, Caretaker of Mesjid At-Taqwa, Pekutatan Village, Jembrana on February 21, 2020.
Interview with Sutrisno, Imam of the Nurul Huda Mosque in Pemaron, Singaraja, Buleleng on February 22, 2020.
Interview with Zainuddin, KUA Buleleng on February 22, 2020.
Interview with Jasmin, a local at Pemaron Village, Singaraja, Buleleng on February 22, 2020.
Interview with Muna Muhammad, a local at Denpasar on February 26, 2020.
Interview with Raihan, a local at Gelgel Village, Klungkung, Denpasar on February 20, 2020.
Interview with Siti Aisyah, Teacher at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ainul Yaqin in Sumber Klampok, Gerokgak Sub-district, Buleleng, on February 22, 2020.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i2.9108
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Ismail Muhammad, Safrina Ariani, Muhammad Yusuf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam has been indexed by:
