The Right of a Child Outside the Legal Marriage of a Biological Father: The Analysis of Ḥifẓ Al-Nafs as Law `Illat
Abstract
This article aims to analyze the protection of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) as the law reason (`illat) of the rights of children outside of legal marriage (ALPS) of biological fathers. Ḥifẓ al-nafs is assumed to be `illat emerging from many neglected ALPS phenomena and resulting in negative stigma and discrimination. This research is a study of Islamic law using the theory of `illat in analyzing the problem of children's rights outside of legal marriage. The research concludes that the presence of the 2010 Constitutional Court decision regarding the civil rights of ALPS with biological fathers reveals new spaces in seeing the nature of ALPS rights. This is different from the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council and classical fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) arguments, which tend to only link the child to the mother. Based on the Constitutional Court decision, the essence of ALPS rights from biological fathers is limited to civil rights. The responsibility of the biological father to ALPS is in the form of physical and mental support, while denying other rights such as guardianship of marriage; ALPS rights today have been largely abandoned. Thus, the protection/care is necessary. `Illat (the reason of law) in ḥifẓ al-nafs (protection of the life) is real and can be juxtaposed with `illat ḥifẓ al-nasl (protection of heredity). Ḥifẓ al-nasl does not completely fulfill the real requirements of an `illat which can abolish the abandonment of ALPS.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
‘Abd al-Wahhab Khallaf, Ilmu Usul Fikih, terj. Faiz el Muttaqin, Jakarta: Pustaka Amani, 2003.
Abad Badruzaman, Dari ‘Illah ke Maqasid: Formula Dinamisasi Hukum Islam di Era Kekinian Melalui Pengembangan Konsep Maqasid, Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan, Volume 14, Issue 1, 2014.
Abī Dāwud, Sunan Abī Dāwud, juz. VI, Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1996.
Ahmad Warson Munawwir, Kamus Bahasa Arab-Indonesia, Yogjakarta: Pustaka Progresif, 1996.
Al Yasa’ Abubakar, Teori ‘illat dan Penalaran Ta’lili, dalam Tjun Surjaman (Edit.), Hukum Islam di Indonesia: Pemikiran dan Praktek, Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya.
_____Metode Istishlahiah (Pemanfaatan Ilmu Pengetahuan dalam Ushul Fiqh, Banda Aceh: Pascasarjana UIN Ar-Raniry dan Bandar Publishing, 2012.
Al-Ghazzālī, Al-Mustaṣfā min ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl, jld. I, Beirut: Muassasah al-Risālah, t.t.
Asriaty, “Hadis al-Wald li al-Firāsy sebagai Penetapan Nasab Anak”, Jurnal Hukum Diktum, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2010.
Eva Muzdalifah, Skripsi: Ḥifẓ al-nafs dalam Alquran; Studi dalam Tafsir Ibn ‘Asyur, Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2019.
Fatwa Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama Aceh Nomor 18 Tahun 2015 tentang Nasab Anak yang Lahir di Luar Nikah (Anak Zina).
Fatwa MUI Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Kedudukan Anak Hasil Zina dan Perlakuan Terhadapnya.
Fazlur Rahman, Tema-tema Pokok Al-Qur’an, terj. Anas Mahyudin, Bandung: Pustaka, 1983.
Gatot Gunarso, Wiwik Afifah, Konsep Layanan Pendidikan Anak Terlantar Sebagai Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Volume 12, Issue 23, 2016.
Ibn Hamzah al-Ḥusaynī al-Ḥānafī Al-Damsyiqī, Asbāb al-Wurūd, terj. Suwarta Wijaya, Zafrullah Salim, Jilid. 1, cet. IX, Jakarta: Kalam Mulia, 2006.
Ibnu Al-Katsir, Terjemah Singkat Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, Terj. Salim Bahreisy, Said Bahreisy, Jilid. I, Surabaya: Bina Ilmu, 2004.
Jabbar Sabil, Muslim Moderat (Tadabbur Sirkularitas Keilmuan Islam), Banda Aceh: Bandar Publishing, 2016.
M. Quraish Shihab, Al-Lubab: Makna , Tujuan, dan Pelajaran dari Surah-Surah Alquran, Jld. I Tangerang: Lentera Hati, 2012.
_____ Tafsir Al-Misbah: Pesan, Kesan dan Keserasian Alquran, Jilid. I, Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2007.
Mahdalena Nasrun, Telaah Hadis tentang Nasab Anak Luar Nikah, Ulumuna Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 18, Issue 2, 2014.
Muchamad Coirun Nizar, Literatur Kajian Maqasid al-Syar‘iyyah, Jurnal Ulul Albab, No. 35, 2016.
Muchlis Bahar, Metode Penemuan Alasan Rasional dalam Hukum Islam (Masalik Al-‘Illat), Jurnal Fitrah, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2015.
Muhammad al-Khudari Bik. Usul al-Fiqh, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1988.
Muhammad Arifin, Kedudukan Anak Luar Kawin: Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 tentang Uji Materi terhadap pasal 43 ayat 1 UU nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, Jurnal Ahkam, Volume 5, Issue 1, Juli 2017.
Muhammad Ibn Ya‘qub Al-Fayruzabadi, al-Qamus al-Muhit, jld. 3, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiah, 1995.
Mustafa Al-Syalabi, Ta‘lil al-Ahkam, Dar al-Nahdah al-‘Arabiyyah, Beirut, 1981.
Nasaiy Aziz dan Muksal Mina, Nasab Anak yang Lahir di Luar Nikah: Analisis Fatwa MPU Aceh Nomor 18 Tahun 2015 dan Keputusan MK Nomor 46/PUU/-VIII/2010, Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, Volume 1, Issue 1, Januari-Juni 2017.
Nur al-Dun al Mukhtar al-Khadimi, Al-Munasabah al-Syar‘iyyah wa Tatbiquha al-Mu‘asirah, Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm, 2006.
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010.
Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat.
Rohim Miftahur, Konflik Pemikiran Imam Abu Hanifah-Imam Syafi‘i dan Dampaknya terhadap Konstelasi Pemikiran Islam, Yogyakarta: Suka Press, 2015.
Romli, Illat dan Pengembangan Hukum Islam, Jurnal Intizar, Volume 20, Issue 2, 2014.
St. Halimang, Pendekatan ‘Illat Hukum dalam Penalaran Fikih, Jurnal Al-‘Adl, Volume 7, Issue 1, Januari 2014.
Syihāb al-Dīn Abū Faḍl Aḥmad bin Nūr al-Dīn ʻAlī bin Muḥammad bin Ḥajar Al-Asqalanī, Fatḥ al-Bārī bi Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Juz V, t.tp: Dār al-Ṭayyibah, t.t.
Tengku Fatimah Muliana Tengku Muda Siti, Khatijah Ismail, dkk, Penggunaan DNA bagi Penentuan Nasab al-Walad li al- Firāsy dalam Peruntukan Undang-undang Keluarga Islam di Malaysia, Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari Keluaran Khas, 2011.
Tb. Ahmad Marachul Bachrain, Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 Tentang Anak Di Luar Nikah, Bil Dalil: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, Volume 1, Issue 1, Januari-Juni 2016
Undang-Undang Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak.
Undang-Undang Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Perlindungan Anak.
Wahbah Az-Zuhaili, Tafsir al-Munir: Aqidah, Syariah, dan Manhaj, Terj. Abdul Hayyie al Kattani, dkk, Jilid. I, Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2013.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9256
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Ali Abubakar, Juliana Juliana, Juliana Juliana, Maisyarah Rahmi Hasan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam has been indexed by:
