Halal Governance and Its Societal Impact
A Comparative Study of Certification Regimes in Indonesia and Malaysia for Muslim Families
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v8i2.29191Keywords:
Halal Certification, MUI, JAKIM, Indonesia, Malaysia, Muslim FamiliesAbstract
The different state foundations of Indonesia and Malaysia civil society-driven versus state-centric significantly shape their halal certification policies. Indonesia’s decentralized, bottom-up governance model allows religious civil society, particularly the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), to play a strong role in certification. Despite the government’s takeover of certification management, MUI retains doctrinal authority through its halal fatwas. In contrast, Malaysia’s centralized, top-down model has positioned the Islamic Development Department of Malaysia (JAKIM) as the sole regulatory authority overseeing halal certification. This article examines a comparative study of both countries’ halal certification frameworks, analyzing how their institutional structures influence policy implementation. Indonesia’s multi-stakeholder model, involving both governmental and non-governmental actors, has led to a prolonged certification process due to bureaucratic complexities. Meanwhile, Malaysia’s state-led approach ensures a more streamlined and efficient process. These contrasting regulatory models reflect deeper institutional and historical trajectories, shaping not only the efficiency of halal governance but also its broader legitimacy. This study contributes to discussions on the intersection of religion, state authority, and policy-making, offering insights into how governance structures impact regulatory effectiveness in halal certification.
References
Journals and Books
Ab Latiff, Johari, et. al., “A Study on Halal Certification Procedure: Progressive Transition Towards Halal Pharmaceutical Products in Malaysia and Indonesia.” In Selected Proceedings from the 1st International Conference on Contemporary Islamic Studies (ICIS 2021). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2390-6_1.
Ab Talib, Mohamed Syazwan, et.al., “Emerging Halal Food Market: An Institutional Theory of Halal Certificate Implementation.” Management Research Review 39, no. 9 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-06-2015-0147.
Abduh, Muhammad, and Elvin Bastian. “The Law Enforcement of Guarantees Halal Products in Indonesia.” Muamalatuna 15, no. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.37035/mua.v15i2.9588.
Abdullah, Fouad Ali Abdullah, et.al., “Halal Criteria Versus Conventional Slaughter Technology.” Animals 9, no. 8 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080530.
Abdullah, Mohd Amri, et.al., “Pensijilan Halal Di Malaysia: Suatu Analisis Pensejarahan Dan Perkembangannya.” Journal of Shariah Law Research 6, no. 2 (2021).
Ahmad Nurozi. “Comparative Study of the Process of Islamic Law Legislation in Indonesia with Malaysia and Its Implementation into Legislation Regulations.” Jurnal Hukum Islam 20, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v20i1.5906.
Ahyar, Muhammad Khozin. “Halal Industry and Islamic Banking: A Study of Halal Ecosystem Regulation in Indonesia.” Journal of Finance and Islamic Banking 2, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.22515/jfib.v2i2.1929.
Akram, Hafiz Wasim. “Global Halal Business: A Sectoral Analysis.” International Journal of Business and Globalisation 30, no. 1 (2022):. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2022.122291.
Ali, Asbi, and Mohd Shukri Yazid. “Muslim Industrialists and Manufacturers (MIM): Introducing a New Way to Conduct Muslim-to-Muslim Businesses for the Global Halal Industry.” In Contemporary Management and Science Issues in the Halal Industry. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2677-6_3.
Al-Kwifi, Osama Sam, et.al., “Dynamics of Muslim Consumers’ Behavior toward Halal Products.” International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, no. 4 (October 14, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-11-2017-0486.
Al‐Teinaz, Yunes Ramadan, and Hani Mansour M. Al‐Mazeedi. “Halal Certification and International Halal Standards.” In The Halal Food Handbook, 227–51. Wiley, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118823026.ch15.
Anwar, Mokhamad Zainal, et.al.,“The Politics of Halal Label: Between Economic Piety and Religious Ambiguity.” Al-A’raf : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Filsafat 17, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpif.v17i1.1803.
Araújo, Shadia Husseini de. “Desired Muslims: Neoliberalism, Halal Food Production and the Assemblage of Muslim Expertise, Service Providers and Labour in New Zealand and Brazil.” Ethnicities 21, no. 3 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796821998369.
Arif, Sazelin, and Safiah Sidek. “Application of Halalan Tayyiban in the Standard Reference for Determining Malaysian Halal Food.” Asian Social Science 11, no. 17 (2015). https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n17p116.
Aslan, Hakiye. “The Influence of Halal Awareness, Halal Certificate, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, Attitude and Trust on Purchase Intention of Culinary Products among Muslim Costumers in Turkey.” International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 32 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2023.100726.
Azam, Md Siddique E, and Moha Asri Abdullah. “Global Halal Industry: Realities and Opportunities.” International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics 5, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.30659/ijibe.5.1.47-59.
Azam, Md Siddique E, and Moha Asri Abdullah. “Global Halal Industry: Realities and Opportunities.” International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics 5, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.30659/ijibe.5.1.47-59.
Azam, Md Siddique E, and Moha Asri Abdullah. “Halal Standards Globally.” Halalpshere 1, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.31436/hs.v1i1.20.
Aziz, Enizahura Abdul. “Consensus Politics and its Relevance to Unity in Malaysia: An Islamic Perspective.” International Journal of Social Science Research 4, no. 1 (2022).
Aziz, Nasa’iy, et.al., “Retracted: The Paradigm of Modern Food Products and Its Relevance with the Concept of Food in the Quran.” Heliyon 9, no. 11 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21358.
Aziz, Noreen Noor Abd, et.al., “A Review on the Emergence and Growth of Halal Studies.” Procedia Economics and Finance 31 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01204-6.
Aziza, Nurul, et.al., “Halal Tourism, Cerfication Regulation, and Research Institute Insigh from IMT-GT Countries: A Review.” International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 1, no. 3 (2020). https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v1i3.52.
Bakti, Syahrul, Harahap, et.al., “Juridical Aspects of Issuance of Halal Certification in Indonesia.” Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research 4, no. 3 (2024). https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.11226.
Bashir, Khawaja Muhammad Imran, et.al., “Strategies for Improving the Competitiveness of Korean Seafood Companies in the Overseas Halal Food Market.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 10, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2018-0056.
Bergeaud-Blackler, Florence. “The Halal Certification Market in Europe and the World: A First Panorama.” In Halal Matters: Islam, Politics and Markets in Global Perspective, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315746128-7.
Chong, Shyue Chuan, et.al., “Non-Muslim Malaysians’ Purchase Intention towards Halal Products.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 13, no. 8 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2020-0326.
Dettman, Sebastian. “Authoritarian Innovations and Democratic Reform in the ‘New Malaysia.’” Democratization 27, no. 6 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1705791.
Djawas, Mursyid, et.al., “The Position of Non-Muslims in the Implementation of Islamic Law in Aceh, Indonesia.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 23, No. 1 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v23i1.32127
Fadliyah, Hilyatul, and Atik Nurwahyuni. “Policy Implementation of Halal Product Assurance for Pharmaceutical Products in Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration 7, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.7454/ihpa.v7i2.5856.
Fareed, Sughra, et.al., “Excessive Use of Death Penalty as Stoppage Tool for Terrorism : Wrongful Death Executions in Pakistan.” Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization 81, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.7176/JLPG.
Fauzi Abdul Hamid, et.al., “Islamist Conservatism and the Demise of Islam Hadhari in Malaysia.” Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 25, no. 2 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2014.880549.
Fischer, Johan. “Manufacturing Halal in Malaysia.” Contemporary Islam 10, no. 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-015-0323-5.
Gauthier, François. “The Halalisation of Islam.” Sociology of Islam 9, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1163/22131418-00902003.
Halim, Mustafa ‘Afifi bin Ab., et.al., “Consumer Protection of Halal Products in Malaysia: A Literature Highlight.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 121 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1109.
Haque, Ahasanul, et.al., “Non-Muslim Consumers’ Perception toward Purchasing Halal Food Products in Malaysia.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 6, no. 1 (2015): 133–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2014-0033.
Hariani, Dina, and Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah. “The Competitiveness, Challenges and Opportunities to Accommodate the Halal Tourism Market: A Sharia -Law Tourism Destination Perspectives.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 15, no. 3 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-05-2023-0147.
Hasan, Maisyarah Rahmi, and Mohd Syahiran Abd Latif. “Towards a Holistic Halal Certification Self-Declare System: An Analysis of Maqasid al-Sharīʿah-Based Approaches in Indonesia and Malaysia.” Mazahib 23, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v23i1.6529.
Hehanussa, Umi Kalsum. “Analysis of Non-Halal Drug Use in the Perspective of Maqashid Syariah.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 8, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i1.4602.
Henderson, Joan C. “Halal Food, Certification and Halal Tourism: Insights from Malaysia and Singapore.” Tourism Management Perspectives 19 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.006.
Hermawan, Agus. “Consumer Protection Perception of Halal Food Products in Indonesia.” KnE Social Sciences, (2020). https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i9.7329.
Hudaefi, Fahmi Ali, and Irwandi Jaswir. “Halal Governance in Indonesia: Theory, Current Practices, and Related Issues.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 5, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v5i1.1049.
Husin, Wan Norhasniah Wan, and Haslina Ibrahim. “Religious Freedom, The Malaysian Constitution and Islam: A Critical Analysis.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 217 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.02.152.
Ismaila, Mustapha Yusuf, et.al., “Halal Marketing Practices and Performance of Cooperative Societies in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria.” Journal of Islamic Business and Management 10, no. 02 (2020). https://doi.org/10.26501/jibm/2020.1002-004.
Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim, et.al., “Principles Regarding the Use of Haram (Forbidden) Sources in Food Processing: A Critical Islamic Analysis.” Asian Social Science 11, no. 22 (2015). https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n22p17.
Izudin, Ahmad, et.al., “The Coexistence of Halal Food Products in Non-Muslim Communities: Visiting Kupang Cases, Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 15, no. 6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-10-2023-0307.
Kadir, MRTA. “Tracing the Cost Elements in Halal Standard MS 1500: 2019 for Production Efficiency Mohd Rizuan Abdul Kadir.” Journal of Energy and Environment, 2020.
Khan, Shahbaz, et.al.,“Evaluation of Barriers in the Adoption of Halal Certification: A Fuzzy DEMATEL Approach.” Journal of Modelling in Management 14, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-03-2018-0031.
Khan, Waseem, et.al., “Enablers of Halal Food Purchase among Muslim Consumers in an Emerging Economy: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach.” British Food Journal 122, no. 7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-08-2018-0528.
Latif, Ismail Abd, et.al., “A Comparative Analysis of Global Halal Certification Requirements.” Journal of Food Products Marketing 20, no. sup1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2014.921869.
Latif, Mariam Abdul. “Halal International Standards and Certification.” In The Halal Food Handbook, 205–26. Wiley, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118823026.ch14.
Latiff, Johari Ab. “Halal Certification Procedure in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Study on Criteria for Determination of Halal Pharmaceutical Products.” PETITA 5, no. 2 (2020).
Marlinda, Ajeng Puspa, et.al., “Halal Tourism as a Strategic Option for South Korean Tourism.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 14, no. 5 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2021-0074.
Masruroh, Nikmatul. “The Competitiveness of Indonesian Halal Food Exports in Global Market Competition Industry.” Economica: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 11, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.21580/economica.2020.11.1.3709.
Md. Sawari, Siti Salwa, and Mohd Al’Ikhsan Ghazali. “Amalan Standard Halal Di Negara-Negara Asia Tenggara.” UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies 1, no. 1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.11113/umran2014.1n1.12.
Moustafa, Tamir. “The Politics of Religious Freedom in Malaysia.” Maryland Journal of International Law 29 (2014). http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mjil/vol29/iss1/17.
MZ, Rafika Dwi Rahmah. “Alcohol and Khamr in Fiqh Based on Science Perspective.” IJISH (International Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities) 2, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.26555/ijish.v2i1.859.
Ng, Siew Imm, et.al., “Retirement Village Buying Intention.” Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 32, no. 7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-05-2019-0295.
Noor, Nor Laila Md, and Nurulhuda Noordin. “A Halal Governance Structure: Towards a Halal Certification Market.” In Contemporary Issues and Development in the Global Halal Industry, 153–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1452-9_14.
Noordin, Nurulhuda, et.al., “Strategic Approach to Halal Certification System: An Ecosystem Perspective.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 121 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1110.
Othman, Y., et.al., “Legal and Regulatory Challenges of Halal Certification: Insights from Cosmetic Manufacturers on Halal Built-In Implementation.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 13, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i1/15785.
Perdana, F F P, et.al., “A Research Framework of The Halal Certification Role in Purchase Intention of Muslim Consumers on The Food Products from Muslim Majority Countries in The Middle East and North Africa.” International Journal of Modern Trends in Business Research 1, no. 2 (2018).
Prabowo, Sulistyo, et.al., “Revealing Factors Hindering Halal Certification in East Kalimantan Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 6, no. 2 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2014-0040.
Prayuti, Yuyut. “Muslim Food Consumer Protection Through The Regulation Of Halal Labels In Indonesia.” Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan 8, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v8i1.716.
Purnama, Chandra, et.al, “Diplomasi Publik Thailand Melalui Industri Halal.” Sospol 7, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v7i1.13968.
Rachman, Abdul, and Bilaly Sangare. “Synergy and Collaboration between Government and Private Institutions in Building Halal Ecosystems in Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 23, no. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v23i2.17507.
Rakhmani, Inaya. “The Personal Is Political: Gendered Morality in Indonesia’s Halal Consumerism.” TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 7, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1017/trn.2019.2.
Rosyadi, Imron, et.al., “Syathibi’s Thoughts on Maslahah Mursalah and Its Impact on The Development of Islamic Law.” Journal of World Thinkers 1, no. 01 (2024). https://doi.org/10.61455/jwt.v1i02.86.
Safa’at, Muchamad Ali. “The Domination Of Indonesian Ulama Council Withhold Law Of Halal Product Guarantee.” Arena Hukum 15, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2022.01502.3.
Salindal, Normia Akmad. “Halal Certification Compliance and Its Effects on Companies’ Innovative and Market Performance.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 10, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-04-2018-0080.
Sani, Abu. “Opportunities And Challenges For Indonesian Halal Certification.” Proceeding of The International Seminar on Business, Economics, Social Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.33830/isbest.v3i1.1492.
Sari, Dian Permata, et.al., “Factors Affecting the Successful Implementation of MS1500 by Malaysian Halal Food Industry.” International Journal of Halal Research 3, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.18517/ijhr.3.2.102-112.2021.
Sari, Dian Permata, et.al., “Implementation and Impact of a Halal Food Standard: An Empirical Study of Malaysia.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 7, no. 3 (2021). https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v7i3.1302.
Sari, Nurlita Kamilah, et.al., “The Implementation of Halal Logistic System on Cosmetic Product.” Advances in Transportation and Logistics Research (ALTR) 2, no. 1 (2019).
Shahabuddin, Abu Saim Md., et.al., “Product-Centric Halal Business: A Critique from an Islamic Perspective.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 11, no. 6 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2019-0129.
Shirin Asa, Rokshana. “An Overview of the Developments of Halal Certification Laws in Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and Indonesia.” Jurnal Syariah 27, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.22452/js.vol27no1.7.
Shirin Asa, Rokshana. “Illegal Labeling and the Abuse of Halal Certificate: Case Study of Malaysia.” Jurnal Syariah 27, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.22452/js.vol27no2.7.
Supian, Kamisah. “Cross-Contamination in Processing, Packaging, Storage, and Transport in Halal Supply Chain.” In Preparation and Processing of Religious and Cultural Foods, 309–21. Elsevier, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101892-7.00016-X.
Suryawan, Anom Sigit, et.al., “Negotiating Halal: The Role of Non-Religious Concerns in Shaping Halal Standards in Indonesia.” Journal of Rural Studies 92 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.09.013.
Thaib, Lukman. “The Siyasah Shar’iyyah Perspective of Najib’s Transformational Agenda in Making Malaysia into a High Income Nation.” Share: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam 6, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.22373/share.v6i1.1516.
Tubastuvi, Naelati, and Yan Aldo Wiliantoro. “Halalisation: Challenges and Opportunities in Halal Food and Beverages Industry for Halalpreneurs.” In Contemporary Discourse of Halal and Islamic Entrepreneurship, 145–58. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6427-7_10.
Usman, Hardius, et.al., “Between Awareness of Halal Food Products and Awareness of Halal-Certified Food Products.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 14, no. 3 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2021-0233.
Vanany, Iwan, et.al., “Determinants of Halal-Food Consumption in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 11, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-09-2018-0177.
Wiryanto, Suko, and Husna. “The Urgency and Strategic Role of Maqasid Shari’ah and Maslahah in Responding to The Legal and Economic Challenges of Muslim Business.” Jurnal of Middle East and Islamic Studies 10, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.7454/meis.v10i1.158.
Yani, Tet Linda, Dyarini Dyarini, and Septemberizal Septemberizal. “Halal Supply Chain Management Based on Maqasid Syariah to Improve Business Performance of Minang Ciputat Curry Restaurants.” International Journal of Law, Policy, and Governance 3, no. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.54099/ijlpg.v3i2.1059.
Yusoff, Amir Fazlim Jusoh and Mursyid Djawas, “Problems of Muslim Society in Southeast Asia: A Study of the Impact of Online Games from an Islamic Law Perspective,” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 9, No. 2 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v9i2.26385
Yusuf, Muhammad Yasir, et.al., “Halal Tourism to Promote Community’s Economic Growth: A Model for Aceh, Indonesia.” Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 29, no. 4 (2021). https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.4.42.
Internet Data
Crescent Rating. “Global Muslim Travel Index 2023,” 2023. https://www.crescentrating.com/reports/global-muslim-travel-index-2023.html.
Pew Research Center. “The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050,” (2017). https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2025-12-31 (2)
- 2025-12-31 (1)
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Moh Nizar and Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. (See The Effect of Open Acces)
