Inclusive Education Policy for Children with Special Needs

A Review of Stakeholder Perceptions in Southeast Sulawesi

Authors

  • Sitti Aisyah Mu'min Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari
  • Nourma Yulita Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari
  • Muhammad Shaleh Assingkily Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari
  • Rasmi Rasmi Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari
  • Marlina Gazali Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22373/vyeks721

Keywords:

Children with Special Needs, Education Policy, Inclusive Education, Stakeholders.

Abstract

Various previous studies have analyzed inclusive education policies for children with special needs. However, research that focuses on stakeholder perceptions has not been found. In Southeast Sulawesi, the implementation of inclusive education policies still faces various challenges, especially in terms of understanding and support from various stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of stakeholders, including teachers, parents, education observers, and government officials, towards inclusive education policies for children with special needs in Southeast Sulawesi. To obtain data, a qualitative approach was used with a descriptive phenomenological study method. The research setting was at SMPN 1 Kendari, SMPN 2 Kendari, SMPN 1 Latambaga, Kolaka Regency. The selection of locations was based on pilot inclusive schools determined by the government. Data was obtained through interviews and documentation studies. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and verification (conclusion stage). The results of the study indicate that although inclusive education policies in Southeast Sulawesi have been implemented, there are still gaps in understanding, training of educators, and the availability of adequate facilities. Stakeholders have varying views on the success of this policy, with some viewing it as a positive step, but others stating that the implementation of the policy is still limited and not fully effective. This study recommends increasing training for educators, providing more inclusive facilities, and more intensive socialization to all stakeholders so that the inclusive education policy can run optimally in Southeast Sulawesi

References

Journals and Books

Agustina, Rizla Saradia and Tjitjik Rahaju, “Evaluasi Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Inklusif di Kota Surabaya,” Publika 9, No. 3 (2021). DOI:10.26740/publika.v9n3.p109-124.

Ainnayyah, Refiana, et.al., "Identifikasi Komunikasi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus dalam Interaksi Sosial," JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Inklusi) 3, No. 1 (2019). DOI:10.26740/inklusi.v3n1.

Akmal, Andi Muhammad, et.al., "Legal Solutions for Domestic Violence in Unregistered Marriages in Indonesia: Integrating Maqåsid al-Shari’åh," El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 7, No. 2 (2024). https://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v7i2.25971.

Allan, Julie, “Inclusive Education and the Arts,” Cambridge Journal of Education 44, No. 4 (2014). Doi/abs/10.1080/0305764X.2014.921282.

Amaliani, Rita, et.al., “Sarana dan Prasarana Sekolah Inklusi ‘Kunci Sukses’ Pendidikan Inklusi,” Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal 10, No. 1 (2024).

Ansory, Ichsan, et.al., “Evaluasi Tenaga Pendidik di Sekolah Penyelenggara Pendidikan Inklusi Kota Batu,” Jurnal Pendidikan Kebutuhan Khusus 5, No. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24036/jpkk.v5i2.595.

Ardhika, Roan, and Muhammad Syaifuddin, "Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Mengenai Sekolah Inklusif," Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian 3, No. 8 (2023).

Tengku Kasim, Tengku Sarina Aini bin, et.al., “Family Influence on Female’s Blood Education in the Context of Islamic Practice in Malaysia,” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 7, No. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v7i2.26252.

Astawa, I. Nyoman Temon, "Pendidikan Inklusi dalam Memajukan Pendidikan Nasional," Guna Widya 8, No. 1 (2021).

Azahra, Dita Sabilla, and A. N. Rahma, “Kolaborasi dan Solusi Sekolah dalam Menghadapi Hambatan Pendidikan Inklusi di SD Negeri Pekayon Kota Jakarta Timur,” Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kajian Humaniora 9, No. 1 (2025).

Barlian, Ujang Cepi, et.al., “Peran Guru Kelas dan Guru Pendamping Khusus dalam Meningkatkan Layanan Pendidikan Inklusi di TK Ibnu Sina,” al-Afkar: Journal for Islamic Studies 6, No. 2 (2023).

Chairunnisa, Connie, et.al., “Transformasi Pendidikan Inklusif: Pemberdayaan Guru dan Kepala Sekolah Meningkatkan Layanan Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus,” Bernas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 5, No. 2 (2024).

Christyastari, Wishti, "Interaksi Sosial Siswa Autis di Sekolah Inklusi," Jurnal Pendidikan Inklusi Citra Bakti 1, No. 2 (2023).

Dewi, Wahyu Candra, et.al., “Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Pendidikan Inklusif di Sekolah Dasar,” Modeling: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI 12, No. 1 (2025).

Florian, Lani, “What Counts as Evidence of Inclusive Education?” European Journal of Special Needs Education 29, No. 3 (2014). Doi/abs/10.1080/08856257.2014.933551.

Graham, Linda J., “Inclusive Education in the 21st Century,” Inclusive Education for the 21st Century, Routledge (2020).

Harefa, Destimawati, et.al., “Tantangan Bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) Pendidikan Inklusi di Semua Tingkatan Sekolah Dasar,” Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial dan Humaniora 2, No. 3 (2023). DOI:10.24198/jppm.v2i3.37833

Holmqvist, Mona, and Balli Lelinge, "Teachers’ Collaborative Professional Development for Inclusive Education," European Journal of Special Needs Education 36, No. 5 (2021). Doi/abs/10.1080/08856257.2020.1842974.

Ikramullah Ikramullah and Sirojuddin Akhmad, “Optimalisasi Manajemen Sekolah dalam Menerapkan Pendidikan Inklusi di Sekolah Dasar,” Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 1, No. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v1i2.36.

Irvan, Muchamad, “Pengetahuan Mahasiswa PG-PAUD UNIPA Surabaya tentang Pendidikan Inklusif,” Buana Pendidikan: Jurnal Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan UNIPA Surabaya 13, No. 24 (2017). https://doi.org/10.36456/bp.vol13.no24.a772.

Jesslin Jesslin, and Farida Kurniawati, "Perspektif Orang Tua Terhadap Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Inklusif," JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Inklusi) 3, No. 2 (2019).

Karimatunisa, Erva and Taufik Muhtarom, “Kebijakan Pemerintah Terhadap Pendidikan Inklusif,” Journal Innovation in Education 2, No. 3 (2024).

Khayati, Nurul Ani, et.al., “Peranan Guru dalam Pendidikan Inklusif untuk Pencapaian Program Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDG’s),” Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan 4, No. 1 (2020).

Khotimah, Husnul, “Analisis Kebijakan Permendiknas no. 70 tahun 2009 tentang Sekolah Inklusi,” Realita: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kebudayaan Islam 17, No. 2 (2019).

Kinanthi, Tsabita Khansa, et.al., “Meningkatkan Efektivitas Manajemen Sekolah dalam Penerapan Pendidikan Inklusif di Sekolah Dasar,” Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar 1, No. 3 (2024).

Lindsay, Geoff, “Inclusive Education: A Critical Perspective,” British Journal of Special Education 30, No. 1 (2003). Doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8527.00275.

Magnusson, Gunnlaugur, & Kerstin Gøransson, “Perimeters of, and Challenges to, the Jurisdiction of Swedish Special Educators: An Exploration of Free Text Responses,” European Journal of Special Needs Education 34, No. 3 (2019). Doi/abs/10.1080/08856257.2018.1458473.

Magnusson, Gunnlaugur, et.al., “Contextualizing Inclusive Education in Educational Policy: The Case of Sweden,” Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy 5, No. 2 (2019).

Magnusson, Gunnlaugur, “An Amalgam of Ideals-Images of Inclusion in the Salamanca Statement,” International Journal of Inclusive Education 23, No. 7-8 (2019).

Mareta, Mira, et.al., “Inclusive Education and Justice for Students With Special Needs in Madrasas,” Ulumuna: Journal of Islamic Studies 28, No. 2 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v28i2.862.

Morinå, Anabel, "Inclusive Education in Higher Education: Challenges and Opportunities," Postsecondary Educational Opportunities for Students with Special Education Needs (2019).

Messiou, Kyriaki, “Research in the Field of Inclusive Education: Time for a Rethink?” International Journal of Inclusive Education 21, No. 2 (2017).

Minsih Minsih, et.al., “Pendampingan Kurikulum Modikatif bagi Guru di Sekolah Dasar Inklusi,” Buletin KKN Pendidikan 6, No. 1 (2024). DOI: 10.23917/bkkndik.v6i1.23453.

Mjøs, Marit, and Vegard Moen, “The Norwegian Educational and Psychological Counselling Service (EPS) as an ‘Inclusion Agent’ in Schools?” European Journal of Special Needs Education 39, No. 6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2024.2425506.

Moleong, Lexy J., Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011.

Muchsin, Misri A., et.al., “An Overview of Inclusive Education in Eastern Aceh, Indonesia: What do the Educational Elements Say?” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 10, No. 2 (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v10i2.631

Mulyawan, Galuh, et.al., “Problematika Pendidikan Inklusi di Sekolah Dasar,” Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP) 7, No. 2 (2024).

Munawwaroh, Lailatul, "Analisis Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia Nomor 70 Tahun 2009 tentang Pendidikan Inklusif yang Ramah Anak," Al-Bidayah: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Islam 10, No. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.14421/al-bidayah.v10i2.167.

Musyafira, Ilena Dwika, and Wiwin Hendriani, "Sikap Guru dalam Mendukung Keberhasilan Pendidikan Inklusi," Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran 7, No. 1 (2021). DOI:10.33394/jk.v7i1.3105.

Nabila, Nasrin, “Analisis Pendidikan Inklusi di Sekolah Dasar,” Ibtida’iy: Jurnal Prodi PGMI 5, No. 2 (2020).

Ndasi, Alfensiana Ayuti Ratna, et.al., “Peran Guru dalam Memberikan Layanan Pendidikan Bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Dasar,” Jurnal Pendidikan Inklusi Citra Bakti 1, No. 2 (2023). DOI:10.38048/jpicb.v1i2.2106.

Ndek, Fransiska Saveriana, et.al., "Peran Fasilitas Pendidikan dalam Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus," Jurnal Pendidikan Inklusi Citra Bakti 1, No. 1 (2023).

Paikah, Nur, et.al., “Analysis of Policies and Strategies to Lower Childhood Stunting in South Sulawesi, Indonesia,” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 7, No. 1 (2024). https://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v7i1.22310.

Persada, Halim Jaya and Mohammad Efendi, "Studi Kasus Implementasi Layanan Pendidikan Inklusif di Kota Madiun," Jurnal Ortopedagogia 4, No. 1 (2018).

Pratiwi, Laura Tyas, et.al., “Permasalahan yang Dihadapi dalam Pelaksanaan Sekolah Inklusi di Indonesia,” Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Flobamorata 3, No. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.51494/jpdf.v3i2.704.

Puspardani, Virgine Evita, et.al., “Adaptasi Kurikulum di Sekolah Dasar Inklusi: Studi Deskriptif,” Pendidikan Bela Negara 83 (2020).

Puspandari, Kartika and Yunita Sinaga, “Tanggung Jawab Negara dalam Pemenuhan Hak Pendidikan Inklusif di Indonesia,” Jurnal Ilmiah Publika 11, No. 1 (2023).

Rahmawati, Anis, et.al., "Dampak Pandemic Covid-19 Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Ekonomi Inklusif Jawa Timur Indikator Tingkat Kemiskinan dan Ketimpangan," Efektor 8, No. 1 (2021).

Rapp, Anna Cecilia, and Anabel Corral-Granados, “Understanding Inclusive Education-A Theoretical Contribution from System Theory and the Constructionist Perspective,” International Journal of Inclusive Education 28, No. 4 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2021.1946725.

Ristanti, Octiana, et.al., “Pendidikan Islam dalam Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Telaah Terhadap UU No. 20 Tahun 2003,” Tawazun: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 13, No. 2 (2020).

Riyadi, Slamet, et.al., “Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Konteks Pendidikan Inklusif di Sekolah,” Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP) 6, No. 3 (2023).

Rizqianti, Nindya, et.al., “Implementasi Tugas Guru Pembimbing Khusus serta Kendala Sebagai Tenaga Pendidik Professional di Sekolah Inklusi Kota Surabaya,” Jurnal Pendidikan Kebutuhan Khusus 6, No. 1 (2022).

Ru'iya, Sutipyo, et.al., “Model of Religious Education for Slow Learner Children in Inclusive Schools in Indonesia,” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 11, No. 3 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v11i2.861.

Sakti, Bima, et.al., “Pendidikan Inklusif: Memahami Tantangan dan Permasalahan Warga Belajar dalam Pembelajaran,” Jurnal Siliwangi: Seri Pendidikan 10, No. 1 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.37058/jspendidikan.v10i1.11047.

Sakti, Syahria Anggita, "Implementasi Pendidikan Inklusif pada Lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Indonesia," Jurnal Golden Age 4, No. 02 (2020). DOI:10.29408/jga.v4i02.2019.

Sania Sania, “Kebijakan Permendiknas tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Inklusi,” Produ: Prokurasi Edukasi Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 1, No. 1 (2019).

Ummah, Risalul, et.al., “Tantangan atau Hambatan dalam Menerapkan Pendidikan Inklusi,” Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 2, No. 1 (2023).

Utama, Agus Hadi, "Model Desain Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Inklusif," Edudikara: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran 6, No. 3 (2021). https://doi.org/10.32585/edudikara.v6i3.244.

Wulandari, Ratna Sari, and Wiwin Hendriani, "Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Sekolah Inklusi di Indonesia (Suatu Pendekatan Systematic Review)," Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran 7, No. 1 (2021).

Yenduri, Gokul, et.al., "From Assistive Technologies to Metaverse: Technologies in Inclusive Higher Education for Students with Specific Learning Difficulties," Computers and Society X, (2023). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.11057.

Yunita, Evi Isna, et.al., “Manajemen Pendidikan Inklusi dalam Proses Pembelajaran dan Penanganan Guru Terhadap Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus,” International Journal of Elementary Education 3, No. 3 (2019). https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v3i3.19407.

Yunus, Victorria, et.al., "Pendidikan Inklusif pada Kurikulum Merdeka," Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Perkhasa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar 9, No. 2 (2023).

Yusuf, Mohamad and Carl Sterkens, “Analysing the State’s Laws on Religious Education in Post-New Order Indonesia,” al-Jamiah: Journal of Islamic Studies 53, No. 1 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2015.531.105-130

Interviews

Interview with informant 1, Southeast Sulawesi, October, 2024.

Interview with informant 2, Southeast Sulawesi, October, 2024.

Interview with informant 3, Southeast Sulawesi, October, 2024.

Interview with informant 4, Southeast Sulawesi, October, 2024.

Interview with informant 5, Southeast Sulawesi, October, 2024.

Interview with informant 6, Southeast Sulawesi, October, 2024.

Published

2025-06-30