Sanad, Authority, and the Sociology of Interpretive: A Weberian Reading of ‘Ālīy and Nāzil Sanad in al-Azkār of an-Nawawī
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/3pywg797Keywords:
Sanad ‘Ālīy, Sanad Nāzil;, Al-Ażkār, Sociology of Interpretive, Hadith ShalawatAbstract
This paper discusses the sociology of Max Weber's Interpretive in the sanad 'Ālīy and Nāzil of the hadiths contained in the book Al-Ażkār by Imām an-Nawāwῑ. This study employs a literature review approach by analyzing relevant primary and secondary sources. The findings indicate that Max Weber’s sociology of Interpretive encompasses four key dimensions: types of social action, value and goal rationality, verstehen, and authority. This type of social action appears when Imām an-Nawāwῑ only lists the names of companions in the hadith sanad. The rationality of the value and approach of Weber's verstehen can be seen in the hadith sanad, which is summarized for the purpose of understanding and beliefs of the reader. The results of takhrij show that the first hadith narrated by Muslims has a sahih sanad and matan that corroborates QS. Al-An'ām (6:160). The second hadith narrated by at-Tirmidhi has sanad and matan daif. The third hadith narrated by Abu Daud is authentic and its matin corroborates QS. Al-Jumu'ah (62:9). The fourth hadith narrated by Abu Daud is sanad and his matan is daif, while the fifth hadith narrated by Abu Daud has sanad hasan sahih and matan that corroborates QS. Al-Ahzāb (33:56). The five hadiths show that Imām an-Nawāwῑ has a strong rationalization of religious interpretation. He understood the quality of the rawi through jarh wa ta'dil, so it is clear that religious interpretation is not only derived from revelation, but is also shaped by the structure and social dynamics of society.
Abstrak
Tulisan ini membahas sosiologi interpretatif Max Weber dalam sanad ‘Ālīy dan Nāzil hadis-hadis yang terdapat dalam kitab Al-Ażkār karya Imām an-Nawāwῑ. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dengan menelaah sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis sosiologi interpretatif Max Weber mencakup empat aspek utama, yaitu tipe tindakan sosial, rasionalitas nilai/tujuan, verstehen, serta otoritas. Tipe tindakan sosial tampak ketika Imām an-Nawāwῑ hanya mencantumkan nama sahabat dalam sanad hadis. Rasionalitas nilai dan pendekatan verstehen Weber terlihat pada sanad hadis yang diringkas untuk tujuan pemahaman dan keyakinan pembaca. Hasil takhrij menunjukkan bahwa hadis pertama riwayat Muslim memiliki sanad sahih dan matan yang menguatkan QS. Al-An‘ām ayat 160. Hadis kedua riwayat at-Tirmidzi memiliki sanad dan matan daif. Hadis ketiga riwayat Abu Daud sanadnya sahih dan matannya menguatkan QS. Al-Jumu‘ah ayat 9. Hadis keempat riwayat Abu Daud sanad dan matannya daif, sedangkan hadis kelima riwayat Abu Daud memiliki sanad hasan sahih dan matan yang menguatkan QS. Al-Ahzāb ayat 56. Kelima hadis tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Imām an-Nawāwῑ memiliki rasionalisasi interpretatif agama yang kuat. Ia memahami kualitas para rawi melalui jarh wa ta‘dil, sehingga terlihat jelas bahwa interpretasi agama tidak hanya bersumber dari wahyu, tetapi juga dibentuk oleh struktur dan dinamika sosial masyarakat.
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