Educators’ perspectives on nurturing spirituality in faith-based early childhood education: A qualitative study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/equality.v11i2.30492Keywords:
Early Childhood, Educators, Early Childhood Education, Religion-Based Education, SpiritualityAbstract
Early childhood educators, especially in faith-based institutions, need to have a deep understanding of children's spirituality in order to design and respond to spiritual experiences that arise spontaneously. This study aimed to explore the personal insights and experiences of educators regarding spirituality, as well as their understanding and approaches in fostering spirituality among young children. A qualitative research design was employed, guided by three key questions. The sample included nine educators from a faith-based early childhood program in Kudus, Central Java, specifically involved with 3 and 4-year-olds in class A, which consisted of three classes. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Findings indicated that the personal insights and experiences of educators play a pivotal role in boosting children's spirituality. Consequently, there are significant opportunities to support educators in their own development and to provide relevant information regarding children's spirituality. Based on the findings, it is suggested that to effectively nurture children's spirituality, educators should cultivate their own sense of personal spirituality, which entails having experienced spiritual events in their own lives essentially spiritual formation. Additionally, educators must possess the knowledge and skills to reflect on their spirituality and effectively integrate these experiences with their early childhood teaching methodologies in order to create meaningful spiritual opportunities for children. The study recommends enhancing the competencies of educators in promoting the spirituality of young children. This research contributes valuable insights into the understanding of spirituality within religious-affiliated early childhood education settings.
References
Adams, K., R., Bull, & Maynes., M. L. (2016). Early childhood spirituality in education: towards an understanding of the distinctive features of young children’s spirituality. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 24(5), 760–774. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 1350293X.2014.996425.
Assis, D. (2021). Teaching religious language to nurture spiritual development. Journal of Christian Education in Korea, 65, 9–27. https://doi.org/10.17968/jcek.2021.65.001
Bagherpur, M., Abdollahzadeh, H., Rad, M., & Kolagar, M. (2021). Effectiveness of spirituality-based problem solving on moral responsibility, and spiritual education of students. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2021.1982679
Coles, R. (1990). The spiritual life of children. London: HarperCollins.
Dillen, A. (2020). Children’s spirituality and theologizing with children: The role of context. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 25(3–4), 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436x.2020.1843412
Eaude, T. (2016). New perspectives on young children’s moral education: Developing character through a virtue ethics approach. London: Bloomsbury.
Eaude, T. (2025). The role of ritualized activities in nurturing children’s spiritual growth. J. Relig. Educ. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40839-025-00255-6
Eskandari, N., Golaghaie, F., Aghabarary, M., Dinmohammadi, M., Koohestani, H., Didehdar, M., ... & Abbasi, M. (2019). Explaining the relationship between moral intelligence and professional self-concept with the competency of nursing students in providing spiritual care to promote nursing education. J. Educ. Health Promot, 8, 1–6.
Francis, l. G., Lankshear, D. W., & Eccles, E. L. (2021). Introducing the junior spiritual health scale (JSHS): Assessing the impact of religious affect on spiritual health among 8- to 11-year-old students. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 26(4), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2021.1968801
Ghane, F., Najjarian, M. R., & Pooyan, M. (2021). A study of spirituality in children’s books based on the works of Douglas Wood. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2021.1999215
Gholamnejad, H., Moosavi, S., & Safara, M. (2024). Factors affecting the spiritual health of Iranian children. Pastoral Psychol. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-024-01140-z
Greenfield, C. F. (2018). Investigation into New Zealand early childhood teachers’ perspectives on spirituality and wairua in teaching. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 23(3), 275–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2018.1460333
Hay, R. (1998). The spirit of the child. London: Harper Collins.
Holmes, S. E. (2024). Is spirituality in ECEC a valued component or pushed aside? A discourse analysis. International Journal of Early Years Education, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2024.2406373
Hyde, B., Watson, J. & Yust, K. M. (2016). Brexit spirituality: The complex (and not so complex) withdrawal of spirituality from the curriculum. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 21(3–4), 161–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2016.1232517
Hyde, B. (2021). Silenced by performativity: The child’s right to a spiritual voice in an age of neoliberal educational imperatives. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 26(1–2), 9–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2020.1860914
Hyde, B., & Rouse, E. (2022). Teacher voice for reflections on practice: Using the voice-centred relational method to determine early childhood teachers’ understanding of spirituality. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2021.2024153
Jafarian, M. (2019). Spiritual and moral development in childhood and its impact on adulthood: A review article. Scientific-Extension Quarterly in the Field of Ethics, 9(36), 73–97.
Jingyi, X., & Jiangli, Z. (2024). Religion, culture, and identity: the generational evolution of identification with Buddhism from the perspective of young Chinese Indonesians. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 29(3–4), 103–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2024.2380253
Jirásek, I., Veselský, P., & Poslt, J. (2017). Winter outdoor trekking: Spiritual aspects of environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 23(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13504622.2016.1149553
Lee, J. C. K. (2020). Editorial: Children’s spirituality, life and values education: Cultural, spiritual and educational perspectives. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 25(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2020.1790774
Lee, J. C. K. (2021). Editorial: Children’s life, religiosity and spirituality matter: Perspectives of special groups and their related adults. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 26(3), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2021.1949555
Mata-McMahon, J., Haslip, M. J., & Schein, D. L. (2020). Connections, virtues, and meaningmaking: How early childhood educators describe children’s spirituality. Early Childhood Education Journal, 48(5), 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01026-8
Nafisah, A. D., Tajul, M. A., Arlika, F. A., & Zahrok, F. (2024). Pendidikan seksualitas pada anak usia dini di lingkungan sekolah: Persepsi guru. RAJULA Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 1(1), 109–119. https://doi.org/https://ejournal.sidyanusa.org/index.php/rajula/article/view/639
Nafisah, A. D., Pranoto, Y. K. S., Nuzulia, S., Mulawarman, & Suminar, T. (2025). Father involvement as a predictor of early childhood external behaviors in Indonesian. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 14(1), 434~442.
Pranoto, Y. K. S., Diana, Aksoy, N., Sugiyo, Nafisah, A. D., & Tri, A. U. R. (2024). Voices of first graders: Exploratory study on starting school during post-pandemic period. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 13(3), 1511–1525. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i3.27320
Rahmatullah, A. S., Astuti, K., Warsah, I., Suyatno, S., & Jaenullah, J. (2023). Exploring the role of grandparenting in enhancing the positive mental health of children from external migrant worker families. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 6(1), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v6i1.3281
Robinson, E. (1983). The original vision: A study of the religious experience of childhood. New York: Seabury Press.
Rodriguez, M. C. (2025). How can a spiritual pedagogy in religious education contribute to children’s spiritual growth? International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2025.2450436
Rouse, E. (2024). One teacher’s journey towards a spiritual pedagogy: An auto ethnographical narrative of epistemological beliefs and practice. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 29(2), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2024.2308887
Saadatzadeh, S., Nateghi, F., Seifi, M., & Jalalvandi, M. (2022). Analysis of spiritual awareness in heavenly gifts curriculum of second grade elementary schools in Iran. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2021.2017861
Safara, M., Moosavi, S., & Gholamnejad, H. (2023). Outcomes of spiritual health in children: A qualitative content analysis. Journal of Education and Community Health, 10(12), 110–115.
Sajedi, H., & Abolfazl Sajedi. (2019). Spiritual health of 7–12 year-old children through creating insight and belief [in persian. Iranian Journal of Culture and Health Promotion of the Academy of Medical Sciences, 2, 207–215.
Setiawan, D., Nafisah, A. D., & Diana. (2022). Father ’ s involvement in children ’ s distance learning during the pandemic. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 16(1), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.161.10
Singh, R., & Bahadur, A. (2021). Gender differences in spirituality and subjective well-being among working couples in Indian society. SPR, 1(3), 121–126. https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.124
Souza, D. (2016). The spiritual dimension of education: Addressing issues of identity and belonging. Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education, 7(1), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1515/dcse-2016-0009
Veraksa, Ingrid, & Yeshe. (2022). Editorial: Early child development in play and education: A cultural-historical paradigm. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.968473
Viftrup, D. T., Nissen, R., Thompson, A., Dalsgaard, M., Hvidt, N. C., & Søndergaard, J. (2024). Life values and death”: A qualitative study on spiritual concepts and understandings of young children in Denmark. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 29(3–4), 140–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2024.2388046
Wills, R. J. (2024). Spirituality, football and Olivia: How connectedness inspires hope through difficult situations. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 29(3–4), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2024.2355867
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Aisyah Durrotun Nafisah, Yusuf Maronta, Nilamsari Kusumawati Putri, Luo Yuanhong, Hanifa Rachman, Nur Aeni Muhlisa Dhafet, Rifqizaqia Rozaan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
GENDER EQUALITY: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies allows the author(s) to hold the copyright and to retain the publishing rights without restrictions. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.