Digital ethics from a gender perspective: Media literacy and the representation of deviant behaviour on social media

Authors

  • Syahril Furqany Islamic Communication and Broadcasting, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
  • Hasan Sazali Islamic Communication and Broadcasting, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
  • Khatibah Khatibah Islamic Communication and Broadcasting, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
  • Muhamad Shamsul bin Ibrahim Department of Media and Communication Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
  • Almuntarizi Almuntarizi Monash University, Australia
  • Khairul Azmy Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22373/equality.v12i1.33037

Keywords:

Digital Literacy, Gender, Representation of Deviant Behavior, Social Media, Digital Ethics

Abstract

This study aims to analyse digital literacy among social media users from a gender perspective. The rapid development of communication technology, particularly the emergence of social media, has transformed human interaction from limited offline spaces into boundless online environments. On the one hand, this transformation enables individuals to connect with a wider audience and access vast amounts of information. On the other hand, it has also given rise to various issues, including violations of digital ethics, the spread of misinformation, and the presence of deviant behaviours on social media platforms. Strong digital literacy is essential to prevent the normalization of such deviations, particularly those related to gender issues in digital spaces, in order to foster a healthier online environment. Users are expected to critically evaluate misinformation, reject gender bias, and contribute to creating safe and ethical social media spaces. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, examining social media phenomena and conducting interviews with 32 participants. The findings indicate that participants actively reject gender-related deviant content by reporting inappropriate accounts, maintaining their privacy, and critically assessing circulating content. Furthermore, this study recommends strengthening digital literacy through ethical awareness, mental health considerations, and balanced social media usage. Users are encouraged to engage with social media according to their needs, avoid excessive use, and report content containing elements of deviance, including gender-related deviations.

References

Akeren, İ., Koçak, L., Özgöl, M., & Demir, M. (2026). Social media interaction motivation scale: Development and relations with fear of missing out, phubbing, social media disorder, gender and time spent. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 42(1), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2505781

Akhtar, N. (2025). Media representations of gender and their impact on social attitudes. Journal of Contemporary and Applied Social Sciences, 24–42. https://doi.org/10.36902/jcas.v1.i1.2

Amroshy, A. U. Al, & Imron, A. (2014). Hegemoni budaya pop Korea pada komunitas Korea lovers Surabaya (Kloss). Paradigma., 02(3), 1–8. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/paradigma/article/view/9091

Andiyansari, P., & Juwono, A. P. (2024). Kecakpaan literasi digital para penyintas online gender-based violence. Jurnal Komunikasi, 18(2), 207–228. https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol18.iss2.art6

Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x

De Coninck, D., Vissenberg, J., Joris, W., & d’Haenens, L. (2024). Perceived discrimination and digital inequalities among children and young people: studying the multidimensional concepts of digital skills and digital knowledge. Information, Communication & Society, 27(2), 350–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2023.2205508

Fahrimal, Y. (2018). Netiquette: Etika jejaring sosial generasi milenial dalam media sosial. Jurnal Penelitian Pers Dan Komunikasi Pembangunan, 22(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.46426/jp2kp.v22i1.82

Gowda, M. (2024). The portrayal of women in social media: Implications for social work practice. Unisia, 42(1), 311–344. https://doi.org/10.20885/unisia.vol42.iss1.art13

Hall, S. (2009). The spectacle of “The Other”. In Hall, S. (Ed), Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices. London: SAGE Publication.

Hokkanen, J. (2025). Belonging, responsibility and reflexivity: Mediated intimacy among Finnish nonbinary and trans social media users. Feminist Media Studies, 25(3), 529–545. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2023.2285710

Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI). (2025). Laporan tahunan KPAI, jalan terjal perlindungan anak : Ancaman serius Generasi Emas Indonesia. https://www.kpai.go.id/publikasi/laporan-tahunan-kpai-jalan-terjal-perlindungan-anak-ancaman-serius-generasi-emas-indonesia

Maharani, V., & Safitri, D. (2025). Peran media sosial dalam pembentukan pandangan generasi muda tentang lgbt dan implikasinya terhadap moralitas sosial. JICN: Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara, 2(3), 3333–3341. https://jicnusantara.com/index.php/jicn/article/view/4212

Mulyana, T. A., & Wahyuningroem, S. L. (2025). From fans to protest: K-Poppers fangirl in digital movement in Indonesia. Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies, 11(1), 140. https://doi.org/10.22373/equality.v11i1.28979

Nurrohman, D. B., & Wirawanda, Y. (2018). Gender in social media: semiotic study of gender constuction of women in Instagram account @ModusKeras postings. Komunikator, 10(2), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.18196/jkm.101010

Octaviani, S. A. (2021). Performativitas dan komodifikasi androgini di media sosial. Jurnal Kawistara, 11(2), 186. https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.v11i2.65442

Pahleviannur, Rizal, M., Grave, A. De, Saputra, D. N., Mardianto, D., Hafrida, L., Bano, V. O., Susanto, E. E., & Al., E. (2022). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. Pradina Pustaka.

Ratu, & Latifah, Nur; Moerdisuroso, I. (1990). Kajian teori performativitas gender Judith 1920. Makalah

Rianto, P. (2019). Literasi digital dan etika media sosial di era post-truth. Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 8(2), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.14710/interaksi.8.2.24-35

Rosdiana, A. M., Wahyuningtyas, D. P., Pramitha, D., & A. Basid, P. M. N. S. (2025). Navigating children’s digital world safely: The role of positive parenting through digital literacy in densely population villages. Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies, 11(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.22373/equality.v11i1.26409

Rozi, F. (2023). Tabayyun digital, dialektika algoritma dan penggunaan media sosial konten Islami – UMSU Press. UMSU Press. https://umsupress.umsu.ac.id/product/tabayyun-digital-dialektika-algoritma-dan-penggunaan-media-sosial-konten-islami/

Sari, I. N., Lestari, L. P., Kusuma, D. W., Mafulah, S., Brata, D. P. N., Iffah, J. D. N., Widiatsih, A., Utomo, E. S., Maghfur, I., Sofiyana, M. S., & others. (2022). Metode penelitian kualitatif. Malang, Jawa Timur: Unisma Press.

Sarie, F., Sutaguna, I. N. T., Par, S. S. T., Par, M., Suiraoka, I. P., ST, S., Darwin Damanik, S. E., SE, M., Efrina, G., Sari, R., & others. (2023). Metodelogi penelitian. Batam: Cendikia Mulia Mandiri.

Sebsbie, S., & Tsegaye, A. (2025). Adolescents’ exposure to explicit sexual content on digital media: a quantitative, cross-sectional study. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 30(1), 2527305. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2025.2527305

Şimşek, V., & Yıldırım, L. (2026). The possibility of religious education through new media: the case of DOGM1. Religious Education, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2026.2627125

Sonni, A. F., Putri, V. C. C., Akbar, M., & Irwanto, I. (2025). Platform-specific masculinities: the evolution of gender representation in Indonesian reality shows across television and digital media. Journalism and Media 2025, Vol. 6, Page 38, 6(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6010038

Sulianta, F. (2024). Perilaku online dan literasi digital: teori, konsep, dan penerapannya. Feri Sulianta.

Tanjung, A. Q., Suciptaningsih, O. A., & Asikin, N. (2024). Urgensi etika dalam literasi digital di era globalisasi. WASIS : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 5(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.24176/wasis.v5i1.11566

Unaradjan, D. D. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif (K. Sihotang, Ed.). Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya.

Widiawati, N. (2020). Metodologi penelitian: Komunikasi dan penyiaran Islam. Edu Publisher.

Yusuf, M. (2017). Metode enelitian: Kuantitatif, kualitatif dan penelitian gabungan (Cet. IV). Bogor: Kencana.

Yuzar, E., Rahman, F., Sari, D. D., & Zanzibar, Z. (2023). Unmasking gendered language patterns in social media discourse. Saree: Research in Gender Studies, 5(2), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.47766/saree.v5i2.1822

Zonyfar, C., Maharina, M., Sihabudin, S., & Ahmad, K. (2022). Literasi digital: Penguatan etika dan interaksi siswa di media sosial. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 6(2), 1426. https://doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v6i2.7274

Additional Files

Published

2026-03-31

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Digital ethics from a gender perspective: Media literacy and the representation of deviant behaviour on social media. (2026). GENDER EQUALITY: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies, 12(1), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.22373/equality.v12i1.33037