CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF BEES IN QUR’AN

Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Suprapto Suprapto

Abstract


Qur’an surah An-Nahl verses 68 and 69 provide information about the nature of bees and their benefits for human life. Allah inspires bees to build nests and find food in trees, mountains, and places made by humans. This study aims to examine scientific information on bees in Surah An-Nahl verses 68 and 69. The research method is library research. The results showed that bees in Surah An-Nahl verses 68 and 69 produce honey, have a good life, have great teamwork, and give benefits to human life. Bee gives people good role models for human society, teamwork, and lifestyle. In science, bees produce pheromone chemical compounds that play a role in communication between bees in the colony. The pheromones produced by the queen bee can regulate the male bees and worker bees to be loyal to the queen bee and carry out their duties well. Qur’an Surah An-Nahl verses 68 and 69 give us information about the bee and honey. Allah gives a message to people to live like a bee to have a good social, good lifestyle, don’t destroy the environment, and give benefits to people like honey. Rasullullah advised us to consume honey for treatment. Honey functions as an antioxidant, anticancer, and energy source, healthy heart, control sugar level, and maintain a healthy body. Bee food is nectar, good nectar will produce high-quality honey. Chemical compounds that are often found in honey like glucose, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and glycoside.


Keywords


Chemical compounds, bee, honey, Al-Qur’an

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adgaba, N., Al-Ghamdi, A., Tadesse, Y., Getachew, A., Awad, A. M., Ansari, M. J., Owayss, A. A., Mohammed, S. E. A., & Alqarni, A. S. (2017). Nectar secretion dynamics and honey production potentials of some major honey plants in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.05.002

Ahmad Hilmi, A. B., Mohd Yusoff, Z., & Zakaria, Z. (2016). The Meaning in Kawniyyat Verses based on Science-Oriented Exegesis: An Evaluation of the English Translation. International Journal of Quranic Research, 8(1).

https://doi.org/10.22452/quranica.vol8no1.1

Ahmad, M. (2016). Literary Miracle of the Quran. Ar-Raniry, International Journal of Islamic Studies, 3(1).

https://doi.org/10.20859/jar.v3i1.82

Ahmad, R. S., Hussain, M. B., Saeed, F., Waheed, M., & Tufail, T. (2017). Phytochemistry, metabolism, and ethnomedical scenario of honey: A concurrent review. International Journal of Food Properties, 20(1), S254–S269.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1295257

Alavez-Rosas, D., Sánchez-Guillén, D., Malo, E. A., & Cruz-López, L. (2019). (S)-2-Heptanol, the alarm pheromone of the stingless bee Melipona solani (Hymenoptera, Meliponini). Apidologie, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-019-00639-2

Azman, K. F., & Zakaria, R. (2019). Honey as an antioxidant therapy to reduce cognitive ageing. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 22(12). https://doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.14027

Bakour, M., Laaroussi, H., Ousaaid, D., El Ghouizi, A., Es-Safi, I., Mechchate, H., & Lyoussi, B. (2022). Bee Bread as a Promising Source of Bioactive Molecules and Functional Properties: An Up-to-Date Review. In Antibiotics (Vol. 11, Issue 2).

https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020203

Belsky, J. E., Camp, A. A., & Lehmann, D. M. (2020). The importance of males to bumble bee (Bombus species) nest development and colony viability. In Insects (Vol. 11, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11080506

Bock, A. (2009). The influence of salt intake on hypertension. Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Thérapeutique, 66(11).

Cinkara, D. (2019). The Benefits of Honey In The Holy Quran. 0–2.

de Beus, E., de Jager, R. L., Beeftink, M. M., Sanders, M. F., Spiering, W., Vonken, E. J., Voskuil, M., Bots, M. L., Blankestijn, P. J., Elgersma, O., Ijsselmuiden, A. J. J., van der Valk, P. H. M., Smak Gregoor, P., Roodenburg, S., Meuwissen, M., Dewilde, W., Hunze, I., den Hollander, J., Vincent, H. H., … Eijkemans, R. (2017). Salt intake and blood pressure response to percutaneous renal denervation in resistant hypertension. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 19(11). https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13085

De la Cruz-Cervantes, J. A., Benavides-González, F., Sánchez-Martínez, J. G., Vázquez-Sauceda, M. de la L., & Ruiz-Uribe, A. J. (2018). Propolis in Aquaculture: A Review of Its Potential. In Reviews in Fisheries Science and Aquaculture (Vol. 26, Issue 3).

https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2018.1424798

De Souza, D. A., Huang, M. H., & Tarpy, D. R. (2019). Experimental improvement of honey bee (Apis mellifera) queen quality through nutritional and hormonal supplementation. Apidologie, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-018-0614-y

Djamdjuri, D. S., & Kamilah, I. H. (2021). The Miracles of Al-Quran: Al-Quran as a Grace and Guidance of Muslims. Asatiza: Jurnal Pendidikan, 2(2).

https://doi.org/10.46963/asatiza.v2i2.299

Dzugan, M., Tomczyk, M., Sowa, P., & Grabek-Lejko, D. (2018). Antioxidant activity as biomarker of honey variety. Molecules, 23(8).

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082069

Erdem, S., Kabakcı, D., Akdeniz, G., & Karabaş Kılıç, Z. G. (2020). Recent Studies in the Use of Propolis as a Traditional Medicine: A Review. Bee Studies- Apiculture Research Institute, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.51458/bstd.2021.3

Erejuwa, O. O., Sulaiman, S. A., & Ab Wahab, M. S. (2012). Honey: A novel antioxidant. In Molecules (Vol. 17, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17044400

Farid, M., & Basri, H. (2020). The Effects of Haram Food on Human Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence Levels. Indonesian Journal of Halal Research, 2(1).

https://doi.org/10.15575/ijhar.v2i1.7711

Geoffroy, E. (2013). The “cosmism” of islam as a possible response to the current ecological crisis. In Protecting Nature, Saving Creation: Ecological Conflicts, Religious Passions, and Political Quandaries. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137342669_11

Girma Tura, A., & Bersissa Seboka, D. (2020). Review on Honey Adulteration and Detection of Adulterants in Honey. International Journal of Gastroenterology, 4(1).

https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20200401.11

Goggin, K. A., & Baillie, L. (2021). Can Bees Help us Find New Antibiotics? Frontiers for Young Minds, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2021.611604

Gül, A., & Pehlivan, T. (2018). Antioxidant activities of some monofloral honey types produced across Turkey. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(6).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.02.011

Haris, A. (2013). Ants and bee as Quranic allegory within Al-Quran. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam - Ta’lim, 11(1).

Humairaa, A., Faisal, M., Mokhtar, M., Ainul, T., & Tg, F. (2020). Analysis of Bee in Quranic Perspective : Surah Al-Nahl. Insan Junior Researcher Conference, 274–277.

Ilyasov, R. A., Lee, M. lyeol, Takahashi, J. ichi, Kwon, H. W., & Nikolenko, A. G. (2020). A revision of subspecies structure of western honey bee Apis mellifera. In Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences (Vol. 27, Issue 12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.001

Iwasaki, J. M., Barratt, B. I. P., Jandt, J. M., Jowett, T. W. D., Lord, J. M., Mercer, A. R., & Dickinson, K. J. M. (2020). Honey bees do not displace foraging bumble bees on nectar-rich artificial flowers. Apidologie, 51(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-019-00690-z

Jahangir, A. D. (2019). Big bang: The apologetic of Quran and the Will of God. Philosophical Papers and Review, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.5897/ppr2018.0157

Jarriault, D., & Mercer, A. R. (2012). Queen mandibular pheromone: Questions that remain to be resolved. In Apidologie (Vol. 43, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-011-0117-6

Kamarulzaidi, M. A., Mohd. Yusoff, Z., & Hasan Adli, D. S. (2014). Quranic Advocation of Honey Consumption and its Application Towards Memory Enhancement. International Journal of Quranic Research, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.22452/quranica.vol6no1.2

Kashim, M. I. A. M., Alias, M. N., Zin, D. M. M., Said, N. L. M., Zakaria, Z., Salleh, A. D., & Jamsari, E. A. (2018). Istihalah and its effects on food: An islamic perspective. In International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (Vol. 9, Issue 1).

Khalifa, S. A. M., Elashal, M., Kieliszek, M., Ghazala, N. E., Farag, M. A., Saeed, A., Xiao, J., Zou, X., Khatib, A., Göransson, U., & El-Seedi, H. R. (2020). Recent insights into chemical and pharmacological studies of bee bread. In Trends in Food Science and Technology (Vol. 97). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.021

Khalifa, S. A. M., Elshafiey, E. H., Shetaia, A. A., El-Wahed, A. A. A., Algethami, A. F., Musharraf, S. G., Alajmi, M. F., Zhao, C., Masry, S. H. D., Abdel-Daim, M. M., Halabi, M. F., Kai, G., Al Naggar, Y., Bishr, M., Diab, M. A. M., & El-Seedi, H. R. (2021). Overview of bee pollination and its economic value for crop production. Insects, 12(8).

https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12080688

Klein, B. A., Olzsowy, K. M., Klein, A., Saunders, K. M., & Seeley, T. D. (2008). Caste-dependent sleep of worker honey bees. Journal of Experimental Biology, 211(18). https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.017426

Laverty, T. M. (1994). Bumble bee learning and flower morphology. Animal Behaviour, 47(3). https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1077

Lewoyehu, M., & Amare, M. (2019). Comparative evaluation of analytical methods for determining the antioxidant activities of honey: A review. In Cogent Food and Agriculture (Vol. 5, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1685059

Liu, L., Luo, X., & Wang, Y. (2021). Student self-efficacy on personal and social responsibility within a sport education model. Revista de Cercetare Si Interventie Sociala, 72. https://doi.org/10.33788/rcis.72.15

MacInnis, G., & Forrest, J. R. K. (2019). Pollination by wild bees yields larger strawberries than pollination by honey bees. Journal of Applied Ecology, 56(4).

https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13344

Maisonnasse, A., Alaux, C., Beslay, D., Crauser, D., Gines, C., Plettner, E., & Le Conte, Y. (2010). New insights into honey bee (Apis mellifera) pheromone communication. Is the queen mandibular pheromone alone in colony regulation? Frontiers in Zoology, 7.

https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-7-18

Martinotti, S., & Ranzato, E. (2018). Honey, wound repair and regenerative medicine. In Journal of Functional Biomaterials (Vol. 9, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb9020034

Masad, R. J., Haneefa, S. M., Mohamed, Y. A., Al-Sbiei, A., Bashir, G., Fernandez-Cabezudo, M. J., & Al-Ramadi, B. K. (2021). The immunomodulatory effects of honey and associated flavonoids in cancer. In Nutrients (Vol. 13, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041269

Melo, G. A. R. (2014). Notes on the systematics of the orchid-bee genus Eulaema (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 58(3).

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000300003

Melo, G. A. R., & Gonçalves, R. B. (2005). Higher-level bee classifications (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apidae sensu lato). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752005000100017

Meo, S. A., Al-Asiri, S. A., Mahesar, A. L., & Ansari, M. J. (2017). Role of honey in modern medicine. In Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences (Vol. 24, Issue 5).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.12.010

Miguel, M. G., Antunes, M. D., & Faleiro, M. L. (2017). Honey as a complementary medicine. In Integrative Medicine Insights (Vol. 12). https://doi.org/10.1177/1178633717702869

Mohammad, S. M., Mahmud-Ab-Rashid, N. K., & Zawawi, N. (2021). Stingless bee-collected pollen (bee bread): Chemical and microbiology properties and health benefits. In Molecules (Vol. 26, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040957

Muiz, A., Danial, Gaffar, A., & Syamsuddin. (2018). Study Living Qur’an: The Analysis of Understanding Surah al-Nahl (125) against Demonstration-Based Communication Behavior. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 175(1).

https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/175/1/012180

Mukri, M., Faisal, F., Anwar, S., & Asriani, A. (2019). Quran-integrated science in the era of industrial revolution 4.0. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1155(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1155/1/012001

Musdja, M. Y. (2018). The risks of cosnuming haram food from medical perspectives. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 21(Special Issue 2).

Nguyen, D. M. T., Iuzzolino, M. L., Mankel, A., Bozek, K., Stephens, G. J., & Peleg, O. (2021). Flow-mediated olfactory communication in honeybee swarms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(13).

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011916118

Pamminger, T., Becker, R., Himmelreich, S., Schneider, C. W., & Bergtold, M. (2019). The nectar report: Quantitative review of nectar sugar concentrations offered by bee visited flowers in agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes. PeerJ, 2019(2).

https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6329

Portman, Z. M., Ascher, J. S., & Cariveau, D. P. (2021). Nectar concentrating behavior by bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila). In Apidologie (Vol. 52, Issue 6).

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-021-00895-1

Purbafrani, A., Ghazizade Hashemi, S. A., Bayyenat, S., Moghaddam, H. T., & Saeidi, M. (2014). The benefits of honey in Holy Quran. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2(3), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3417

Pyrzynska, K., & Biesaga, M. (2009). Analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in honey. In TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry (Vol. 28, Issue 7).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2009.03.015

Rodney, S., & Kramer, V. J. (2020). Probabilistic assessment of nectar requirements for nectar-foraging honey bees. Apidologie, 51(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-019-00693-w

Sanderson, C. E., Cook, P., Hill, P. S. M., Orozco, B. S., Abramson, C. I., & Wells, H. (2013). Nectar quality perception by honey bees (apis mellifera ligustica). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 127(4). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032613

Šarić, G., Vahčić, N., Kovačević, D. B., & Putnik, P. (2020). The changes of flavonoids in honey during storage. Processes, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/PR8080943

Seeley, T. D., & Tovey, C. A. (1994). Why search time to find a food-storer bee accurately indicates the relative rates of nectar collecting and nectar processing in honey bee colonies. Animal Behaviour, 47(2). https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1044

Silva, B., Biluca, F. C., Gonzaga, L. V., Fett, R., Dalmarco, E. M., Caon, T., & Costa, A. C. O. (2021). In vitro anti-inflammatory properties of honey flavonoids: A review. In Food Research International (Vol. 141). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110086

Sneed, N. M., Patrician, P. A., & Morrison, S. A. (2019). Influences of added sugar consumption in adults with type 2 diabetes risk: A principle-based concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 54(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12399

Stabentheiner, A., Kovac, H., & Brodschneider, R. (2010). Honeybee colony thermoregulation - Regulatory mechanisms and contribution of individuals in dependence on age, location and thermal stress. PLoS ONE, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008967

Syafrizal, Ramadhan, R., Kusuma, I. W., Egra, S., Shimizu, K., Kanzaki, M., & Arung, E. T. (2020). Diversity and honey properties of stingless bees from meliponiculture in east and north kalimantan, indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(10).

https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d211021

Tang, J., Quan, Q. M., Chen, J. Z., Wu, T., & Huang, S. Q. (2019). Pollinator effectiveness and importance between female and male mining bee (Andrena). Biology Letters, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0479

Tauber, J. P., Collins, W. R., Schwarz, R. S., Chen, Y., Grubbs, K., Huang, Q., Lopez, D., Peterson, R., & Evans, J. D. (2019). Natural product medicines for honey bees: Perspective and protocols. In Insects (Vol. 10, Issue 10). https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10100356

Vallejo-Marín, M. (2019). Buzz pollination: studying bee vibrations on flowers. In New Phytologist (Vol. 224, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15666

Wang, Z., & Tan, K. (2019). Honey bee alarm pheromone mediates communication in plant-pollinator-predator interactions. In Insects (Vol. 10, Issue 10).

https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10100366

Wilkins, S., Butt, M. M., Shams, F., & Pérez, A. (2019). The acceptance of halal food in non-Muslim countries: Effects of religious identity, national identification, consumer ethnocentrism and consumer cosmopolitanism. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(4).

https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2017-0132

Yan, H., & Liebig, J. (2021). Genetic basis of chemical communication in eusocial insects. In Genes and Development (Vol. 35, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.346965.120

Yelin, A., & Kuntadi. (2019). Phytochemical identification of honey from several regions in Java and Sumbawa. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2120(July), 3–8.

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115762




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/lj.v10i2.14900

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 zulkarnain zulkarnain

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

INDEXED IN