Articles

Default Cover for Dari Pelaku ke Korban Penyelundupan Pekerja Migran Sukarela: Pilihan Hukum Internasional atau Hukum Indonesia
Volume 11, Issue 1 (2022)
Dari Pelaku ke Korban Penyelundupan Pekerja Migran Sukarela: Pilihan Hukum Internasional atau Hukum Indonesia
Affiliation Details
  • Yohanes Hermanto Sirait: Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung, Jawa Barat
  • Dian Narwastuty: Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung, Jawa Barat
, Pages: 16-28 , DOI: 10.22373/legitimasi.v11i1.13722

Abstract

Abstract: Migrant smuggling and human trafficking are two actions that are often equated. Though both are distinct in terms of profit and purpose. Migrant smuggling can occur because of consensus between migrants and smugglers. In contrast to the perpetrators, international law encourages the non-criminalization policy to migrant. However, the practice of countries including Indonesia still provides chance for criminalization of migrants. This study aims to examine the impact of migrants volunteering to be smuggled in as victims. Furthermore, the potential for migrants to be punished for violating the rules for entering without a permit into a country is also studied. This research was conducted doctrinally using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that the volunteering of migrants to be smuggled should not their status to become perpetrators in perspective of international law. It means that migrants should be punished for being smuggled. However, national laws, including those regulated in Indonesia, still allow migrants to be punished for violating the rules regarding entry permits such as the use of fake documents. This shows the lack of consistency in national laws to adopt non-criminalization policies towards migrants.

Abstrak: Penyelundupan migran dan perdagangan orang adalah dua tindakan yang kerap dipersamakan. Padahal keduanya berbeda dari sisi keuntungan dan tujuan. Penyelundupan migran dapat terjadi karena adanya konsensus antara migran dengan pelaku penyelundupan. Berbeda dengan pelaku, hukum internasional mendorong kebijakan non-kriminalisasi terhadap migran. Namun sayangnya, praktik negara termasuk Indonesia masih memberikan ruang untuk kriminalisasi terhadap migran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dampak kesukarelaan migran untuk diselundupkan sebagai korban. Lebih lanjut, dikaji juga potensi migran dipidana karena melanggar aturan masuk tanpa izin ke suatu negara. Penilitian ini dilakukan secara doktrinal menggunakan bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kesukarelaan migran untuk diselundupkan tidak membuat status dan kedudukannya berubah menjadi pelaku. Konsekuensinya, migran tetap tidak boleh dipidana dengan alasan apapun. Namun hukum nasional termasuk yang diatur di Indonesia masih memungkinkan migran dipidana karena melanggar aturan terkait izin masuk seperti penggunaan dokumen palsu. Hal ini menunjukan kurang konsistennya hukum nasional mengadopsi kebijakan non-kriminalisasi terhadap migran.

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Author Biographies

Yohanes Hermanto Sirait, Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung, Jawa Barat

Dian Narwastuty, Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung, Jawa Barat