Relative Competence of the Sharia Court: Talaq Divorce Lawsuit and Protection of Women’s Rights

Darmawan Darmawan; Suhaimi Suhaimi; Muhammad Natsir; T. Rasyidin T. Rasyidin; Mustakim Mustakim

doi:10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.16053

Relative Competence of the Sharia Court: Talaq Divorce Lawsuit and Protection of Women’s Rights

Darmawan Darmawan, Suhaimi Suhaimi, Muhammad Natsir, T. Rasyidin T. Rasyidin, Mustakim Mustakim

Abstract

This paper examines how the legal protection of women in the event of talaq divorce at the Sharia Court is related to the relative competence of the Sharia Court. This study is significant due to many talaq divorce cases at the Sharia Court filed by husbands not based on the wives’ domiciles. Such practices have been contrary to the principle of civil procedural law, which stipulates that a divorce case filed by the husband must be based on the wife’s domicile. Data were taken from talaq divorce decisions tried by the Banda Aceh Sharia Court, analyzed using the principles of civil procedural law. Findings of the study revealed that the majority of talaq divorce cases tried by the Sharia Court did not have strong legal force, as they were not in line with the principle of actor sequitor forum rei. In general, the decisions of the Banda Aceh Sharia Court in talaq divorce cases were made without the presence of the respondents (wives). Such decisions not only contradicted the principles of civil procedural law, but also had an impact on limited access for women to defend their interests in the courtroom.

Keywords

Relative Competence; Sharia Court; Talaq Divorce; Women’s Rights

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abubakar, Muzakkir. “Meningkatnya Cerai Gugat Pada Mahkamah Syar’iyah.” Kanun:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 22, no. 2 (2020): 302.

Aceh, Dinas Syariat Islam. Himpunan Undang-Undang, Keputusan Presiden, Peraturan Daerah/Qanun, Instruksi Gubernur Berkaitan Palaksanaan Syariat Islam. 8th ed. Banda Aceh: Dinas Syariat Islam Aceh, 2010.

Ahmad, Nadzrah, Mohd. Haeqal Ishak, and Mohammed Farid Ali al-Fijawi. “Women’s Rights in the Qur’an, Sunnah and Heritage of Islam.” Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077) 17, no. 3 (2020). https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v17i3.1004.

Al-Qurtubi, Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Rusyd. Bidayat Al-Mujtahid. II. Maktabah wa Matba‘ah Taha, n.d.

Ali, Achmad. Menguak Teori Hukum Dan Teori Peradilan. 5th ed. Jakarta: Kencana, 2013.

Az-Zuhaili, Wahbah. Fiqih Islam Wa Adillatuhu. 6th ed. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2011.

Cammack, Mark, and Tim Heaton. “Explaining the Recent Upturn in Divorce in Indonesia: Developmental Idealism and the Effect of Political Change.” Asian Journal of Social Science 39, no. 6 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1163/156853111X619229.

Dogarawa, Ahmad Bello. “Marriage and Divorce in Islam.” Islam Zeitschrift Für Geschichte Und Kultur Des Islamischen Orients, no. 23194 (2009).

Eyo, Ubong E. “Divorce: Causes and Effects on Children.” Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies 6, no. 5 (2018). https://doi.org/10.24203/ajhss.v6i5.5315.

Fawaris, Haifa F. “The Role of Muslim Women in Managing the Family during Crisis: Corona Pandemic as a Model.” International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 15, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2020-0130.

Feillard, Andrée. “Nancy J. Smith-Hefner, Islamizing Intimacies. Youth, Sexuality, and Gender in Contemporary Indonesia.” Archives de Sciences Sociales Des Religions, no. 196 (2021). https://doi.org/10.4000/assr.65524.

Harahap, M Yahya. Hukum Acara Perdata: Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian Dan Putusan Pengadilan. VIII. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2008.

Heaton, Tim B., Mark Cammack, and Larry Young. “Why Is the Divorce Rate Declining in Indonesia?” Journal of Marriage and Family 63, no. 2 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00480.x.

Huis, Stijn Cornelis Van. “Khul’ over the Longue Durée: The Decline of Traditional Fiqh -Based Divorce Mechanisms in Indonesian Legal Practice.” Islamic Law and Society, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-00254A05.

Husna, Asmaul, Mursyid Djawas, Ridhwan, and Soraya Devy. “The Government’s Role in Decreasing Divorce Rates in Indonesia: The Case of Aceh and South Sulawesi.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 21, no. 1 (2021): 163–88. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v21i1.20870.

Jannah, Raudhatul, and M. Ya’kub Aiyub Kadir. “Child Marriage Conditionality and Its Dispensation In Mahkamah Syar’iyah Aceh, Indonesia.” Student Journal of International Law 1, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24815/sjil.v1i1.18078.

Maajeeny, Hassan. “Effects of Family Disintegration on Children Later Depression.” International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.21833/IJAAS.2022.03.008.

Maududi, Abul al-A’la. Human Rights in Islam. London: The Islamic Foundation, 1967.

Najichah, and Alfian Qodri Azizi. “Implikasi Inisiatif Perceraian Terhadap Hak Nafkah Istri.” Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 5, no. 1 (2020): 49.

Nikolić, Oliver. “The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam.” Strani Pravni Zivot, no. 3 (2020). https://doi.org/10.5937/spz64-28285.

Nur, Muhammad, Imam Jauhari, and Azhari Yahya. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Perceraian Di Luar Pengadilan: Suatu Penelitian Di Kota Langsa Provinsi Aceh.” Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 19, no. 4 (2019): 563–72. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2019.V19.563-572.

Parker, Lyn. “The Theory and Context of the Stigmatisation of Widows and Divorcees (Janda) in Indonesia.” Indonesia and the Malay World 44, no. 128 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2015.1100863.

Radi Meybodi, Fatemeh, and Saeedeh Rasouli. “A Comparative Study of the Universal and Islamic Declaration of Human Rights in the Field of Women and the Family.” International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 9, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v9i2.3538.

Rahardjo, Satjipto. Ilmu Hukum. viii. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2014.

Rahbari, Ladan. “Marriage, Parentage and Child Registration in Iran: Legal Status of Children of Unmarried Parents.” Social Sciences 11, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11030120.

Ramzan, Shazia, Saira Akhtar, Shabbir Ahmad, Muhammad Umar Zafar, and Haroon Yousaf. “Divorce Status and Its Major Reasons in Pakistan.” Sociology and Anthropology 6, no. 4 (2018). https://doi.org/10.13189/sa.2018.060405.

Saeed, Abdullah. Human Rights and Islam: An Introduction to Key Debates between Islamic Law and International Human Rights Law. Human Rights and Islam: An Introduction to Key Debates between Islamic Law and International Human Rights Law, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784716585.

Sutantio, Retnowulan. Hukum Acara Pedata Dalam Teori Dan Praktek. Bandung: Manda Maju, 1989.

Sutiyoso, Bambang, and Sri Hastuti Puspitasari. Aspek-Aspek Perkembangan Kekuasaan Kehakiman Di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2005.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.16053