Toxicity Test Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method on Extracts of Stem Bark, Stem Wood, and Leaves on Bayur (Pterospermum diversifolium B. Rob.)
Abstract
Abstract: Ethnobotanically, the leaves of P. diversifolium are used as a medicine for itching and the root bark is used as fish poison. The traditional use of natural materials should be followed by scientific studies. This study aims to determine the toxicity of the stem bark, stem wood, and leaf tissue extracts of P. diversifolium using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Extraction using maceration method with ethanol solvent for 3 x 24 hours. The macerate was filtered and the extract obtained was evaporated until a crude extract was obtained. The three ethanol extracts obtained were tested for toxicity and obtained LC50 values of stem bark = 4,753 ppm, stem wood = 97,723 ppm, and leaves = 27,797 ppm. All extracts were declared non-toxic because the LC50 value was more than 1000 ppm.
Abstrak: Secara etnobotani, daun P. diversifolium digunakan sebagai obat gatal serta kulit akarnya sebagai racun ikan. Penggunaan bahan alam secara tradisional seharusnya diikuti kajian ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas pada ekstrak jaringan kulit batang, kayu batang, dan daun P.diversifolium dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol selama 3 x 24 jam. Maserat disaring dan ekstrak yang peroleh dievaporasi sampai didapatkan ekstrak kental. Ketiga ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh diuji toksisitasnya dan diperoleh nilai LC50 kulit batang = 4.753 ppm, kayu batang = 97.723 ppm, dan daun = 27.797 ppm. Semua ekstrak dinyatakan tidak toksik karena nilai LC50 lebih dari 1.000 ppm.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahad, B., Shahri, W., Rasool, H., Reshi, Z. A., Rasool, S., & Hussain, T. (2021). Medicinal plants and herbal drugs: An overview. Medicinal and aromatic plants: healthcare and industrial applications, 1-40.
Al-Enazi, N. M. (2018). Phytochemical screening and biological activities of some species of alpinia and Convolvulus plants. International Journal of Pharmacology, 14(3), pp. 301–309.
Altamish, M., Khan, M., Baig, M.S., Pathak, B., Rani, V., Akhtar, J., Khan, A.A., Ahmad, S., & Krishnan, A. (2022). Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants against Dengue Infection: A Mechanistic Viewpoint. ACS Omega, (7). pp. 24048-24065.
Dali, N., Dali, S., Chairunnas, A., Amalia, H. A. M., & Puspitasari, S. A. A. (2022). Extraction of Chemical Components of Dengen Leaves (Dillenia serrata Thunb) by MAE Method and Activity Test as Antioxidant and Toxicity. Indo. J. Chem. Res., 10(2), pp. 74-82.
Daud, N. S., Arni, D. P., Idris, S. A., & Saehu, M. S. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Batang Meistera chinensis Terhadap Escherichia coli ATCC 35218. Warta Farmasi, 12(1), 8-18.
Ezekwesili, Ozioma, E. O. J., & Chinwe, O. A. N. (2019). Herbal medicines in African traditional medicine. Herbal medicine, 10, 191-214.
Fikriah, I., & Lestari, P. (2011). Acute Toxicity Test of Bark and Stem Ethanol Extract of Sopang (Caesalpinia Sappan Linn) by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 47(1), 58.
Hamrun, N., Nabilah, T., Hasyim, R., Ruslin, M., Dammar, I., & Arianto, M. A. A. (2020). Toxicity test of bioactive red alga extract Eucheuma spinosum on shrimp Artemia salina leach. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(5), 672-676.
Harborne, J. B., (1987). Metode Fitokimia, Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Terjemahan K. Padmawinata dan I. Soediro. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung
Hidayat, S. (2017). The use by local communities of plants from Sesaot Protected Forest, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 18(1).
Hidayathulla, S., Chandra, K. K., & Chandrashekar, K. R. (2011). Phytochemical evaluation and antibacterial activity of Pterospermum diversifolium Blume. Int. J. Pharm. Sci., 3(2), pp. 165-167.
Jabbar, A., Wahyuni, W., Yusuf, M. I., Helmia, W. O. N., & Sahidin, I. (2019). Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanol Extract of Wualae Fruit (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith) Against Histopathological Picture of Wistar Rat Heart Organs (Rattus norvegicus). Pharmauho: Journal of Pharmacy, Science, And Health, 5(2), pp. 9–13.
Kamble, Y. S., Patil, R. S., Sawant, S. S., Pawar, S. G., and Singh, E. A. (2010). Studies on plant used in traditional medicine in Bhilla Tribe of Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9, pp. 591‐598.
LaHood, A. J., & Kok, S. J. (2020). Ethanol toxicity. University of Illinois College of Medicine, 197, pp. 1-11
Mani, D. N., Shukla, S., & Shukla, Y. N. (2020). Medicinal plant-derived therapeutics for treatment of neoplasms in modern and traditional systems of medicine. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 42(1-2), 1-29.
Marzuki, A., Rahman, L., & Mamada, S.S., (2019). Toxicity test of stem bark extract of Banyuru (Pterospermum celebicum miq.) using BSLT (brine shrimp lethality test) and cream irritation test. The 3rd International Conference On Science. Journal of Physics, 1341(7). pp. 1-9.
Mastura, Mauliza, & Hasby. (2022). Toxicity Test of Acehnese Plants Using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method. EduChemia (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan), 7(1), pp. 110-123.
Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia, (2018). The State of Indonesia’s Forests 2018. Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta.
Mubarak, Z., Chismirina, S., & Daulay, H. H. (2016). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak propolis alami dari sarang lebah terhadap pertumbuhan Enterococcus faecalis. Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society, 1(2), 175-186.
Ogata, Y. (Committee Members). (1995). Index of Medicinal Plants in Indonesia. PT Esai Indonesia. Edition II.
Oluwaniyi, O., & Obi, B. (2018). Phytochemical, Anti-nutritional and Toxicity Assessment of Moringa Oleifera Seeds, Stem Bark and Leaves Using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) Assay. Jordan Journal of Chemistry, 13(3), pp. 171–178.
Pecoraro, R., Scalisi, E. M., Messina, G., Fragalà, G., Ignoto, S., Salvaggio, A., ... & Brundo, M. V. (2021). Artemia salina: A microcrustacean to assess engineered nanoparticles toxicity. Microscopy Research and Technique, 84(3), 531-536.
Pitakpawasutthi, Y., Suwatronnakorn, M., Issaravanich, S., Palanuvej, C., & Nijsiri, R. (2021). In vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antityrosinase activities of Clitoria macrophylla root. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 12(1), pp. 8–13.
Potu, V.V., Pendong, D.F., & Semuel, M.Y. (2021). Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Ekstrak Sarang Lebah Madu (Apis dorsata Binghami). Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Undiksha, 8(3). pp. 138-144
Rafiqah, Mastura, & Hasibuan, M.P. (2019). Uji Toksisitas Fraksi Etanol Tanaman Obat yang digunakan Masyarakat Menggunakan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. CHEMICA: Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia, 2(1). pp. 14-20
Reskianingsih, A., (2014). Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Metanol Buah Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl Terhadap Larva Artemia salina Leach dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/26074. pp.34
Riaz, B., Zahoor, M. K., Zahoor, M. A., Majeed, H. N., Javed, I., Ahmad, A., Jabeen, F., Zulhussnain, M., & Sultana, K. (2018). Toxicity, Phytochemical Composition, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Some Indigenous Weed Plant Extracts in Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Saragih, G., Tamrin, Marpongahtun, Nasution, D. Y., & Abdillah, (2020). Phytochemical screening and toxicity of ethanolic extract of mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) leaves from Langsa, Aceh Timur. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 13(1), pp. 476–480.
Singh, D., Narayanan, S., & Vicknasingam, B. (2016). Traditional and non-traditional uses of Mitragynine (Kratom): A survey of the literature. Brain Research Bulletin, 126, 41-46.
Whitehill, J.G.A., Bohlmann, J., & Krokene, P. (2023). Forest Insect—Plant Interactions. Forest Entomology and Pathology (7). pp. 169-204.
Winahyu, D.A., Fatmawati, N.K.A., & Husein, S. (2024). Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Kulit Buah Durian (Artemia salina L.) dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 11(1). pp. 164-165
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v10i1.20380
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zakaria Zakaria, Nunuk Hariani Soekamto, Nasriadi Dali, Hilda Ayu Melvi Amalia, Syamsidar Haji Syarifuddin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
P-ISSN : 2460-8912
E-ISSN : 2460-8920
ELKAWNIE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology in 2022. Published by Faculty of Science and Technology in cooperation with Center for Research and Community Service (LP2M), UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.
View full page view stats report click here