User
CITATION ANALYSIS
Indexed and/ or included by:
Font Size
Keywords
Aceh
Agama
Al-Qur'an
Corruption
Criminal Law
Dayah
Education
Fiqh
Ijtihad
Inheritance
Islam
Islamic Education
Islamic Law
Islamic Studies
Islamic civilization
Politics
Religion
Umat
phenomenon
reconstruction
storytelling
Information
AL-MANHAJ AL-NABAWI FĪ AL-TA’ĀMUL MA’A GHAYR AL-MUSLIM
Abstract
The problem of dealing with different parties' affairs is one of the most critical problems that the state and government are trying to solve. Religious and intellectual differences are one of the most important reasons for the emergence of conflicts in society. Factual conditions show how the state experiences war conflicts between people of different religions and ideas. With its fair statutory provisions, Islam has provided the right solution to overcome the manifestations of conflict and disputes between Muslims and those of different religions and beliefs. Using an analytical method based on gathering information related to the topic, followed by an interpretation, criticism, and analysis, this study clarifies the concept of non-Muslims in Islam, its parts, and the differences between these parts, including the essential aspect of which is the Prophet Muhammad's guidance in dealing with non-Muslims. The research found that the difference for non-Muslims is a set of rights over Muslims, the state, and the people. When non-Muslims exercise these rights, they are entitled to full protection and security for themselves, their property, and their children. They also have the freedom to worship and believe according to their religion. In this context, the Islamic State and Muslims must guarantee this freedom to them.
Keywords
Islam and the other; the dhimmis; the treaties; the trustees; the difference
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abū Dāwūd, Sulaymān bin al-Asy’ath bin Ishaq bin Basyīr bin Syadād bin ‘Amrū al-Azadī al-Sijistānī. Al-Sunan. Al-Maktabah al-‘Aṣriyyah, nd.
Abū Yūsuf, Abū Yūsuf Ya’qūb bin Ibrāhīm bin Ḥabīb bin Sa’d bin Ḥabtah al-Ansārī. Al-Kharāj. Al-Maktabah al-Azhariyyah li al-Turāth, n.d.
Aḥmad, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin Ḥanbal bin Hilal bin Asad al-Syaybānī. Al-Musnad. Muassasah al-Risālah, 2001 M/ 1421 H.
Al-‘Awajī, Muḥammad bin Muḥammad al-‘Awajī. Ahammiyyah Dirāsah al-Ṣīrah al-Nabawiyyah wa al-‘Ināyah bihā fī Ḥayāh al-Muslimīn. Majma’ al-Mulk Fahd, n.d.
Al-‘Aynī, Badr al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Maḥmūd bin Aḥmad bin Mūsa bin Aḥmad bin Ḥusayn Al-Ghītābī al-Ḥanafī al-‘Aynī. ‘Umdah al-Qāri Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Beirut: Dār al-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, n.d.
Al-Aṣbahānī, Abū Na’īm Aḥmad bin ‘Abd Allāh bin Aḥmad bin Isḥāq bin Mūsa bin Mahrān al- Aṣbahānī. Dalā’il al-Nubuwwah. Beirut: Dār al-Nafā’is, 1986 M/ 1406 H.
Al-Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad bin al-Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī bin Mūsa al-Khusrawjirdī al-Khurāsānī. Al-Sunan al-Kubra. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2003 M/ 1424 H.
Al-Bayhaqī. Dalā’il al-Nubuwwah. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Dār al-Rayyān li al-Turāth, 1988 M/ 1408 H.
Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad bin Ismā’īl al-Bukhārī al-Ja’fī. Al-Jāmi’ al-Musnad al-Ṣaḥīḥ al-Mukhtaṣar min Umūr Rasūl Allāh Ṣallallāh ‘Alayh wa Sallam wa Sunanih wa Ayyāmih. Dār Ṭuruq al-Najāh, 1422 H.
Al-Ghazālī, Muḥammad Al-Ghazālī, Ḥuqūq al-Insān Bayn Ta’ālim al-Islām wa I’lān al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah, Cairo: Nahḍah Miṣr li al-Tibā’ah wa al-Nasyr wa al-Tawzī’, 2005.
Al-Ḥākim, Abū ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥākim Muḥammad bin ‘Abd Allāh bin Muḥammad bin Ḥamdawih al-Naysābūrī. Al-Mustadrak ‘ala al-Ṣaḥīḥayn. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1990 M/ 1411 H.
Al-Haythamī, Abū al-Ḥasan Nūr al-Dīn ‘Alī bin Abī Bakr bin Sulaymān. Majma‘ al-Zawā’id wa Manba‘ al-Fawā’id. Cairo: Maktabah al-Qudsī, 1414 H/ 1994 M.
Al-Manāwī, Zayn al-Dīn Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf bin Tāj al-‘Ārifīn bin ‘Alī bin Zayn al-‘Ābidīn al-Manāwī. Fayd al-Qadīr Syarḥ al-Jāmi al-Ṣaghīr. Cairo: Al-Maktabah al-Tijāriyyah al-Kubra, 1356 H.
Al-Marṣafī. Sa‘ad Al-Marṣafī. Al-Jami’ al-Sahih li al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah. Kuwait: Maktabah Ibn Kathir 1430 H/ 2009 M.
Al-Nasā’ī, Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Aḥmad bin Syu‘ayb bin ‘Alī al-Khurāsānī, Al-Mujtaba min al-Sunan. Maktab al-Maṭbū‘āt al-Islāmiyyah, 1406 H - 1986 M.
Al-Nawāwī, Abū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥya bin Ṣarf al-Nawāwī. Taḥrīr Alfāẓ al-Tanbīh. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 1408 H.
Al-Nawāwī, Al-Minhāj Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim bin al-Ḥajjāj. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, 1392 H.
Al-Qasṭalānī, Abū al-‘Abbās Syihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin Abī Bakr bin ‘Abd al-Mālik al-Qasṭalānī. Irsyād al-Sārī li Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Cairo: Al-Maṭba’ah al-Kubrā, 1323 H.
Al-Qūnawī, Qāsim bin ‘Abd Allāh bin Amīr ‘Alī al-Qūnawī al-Rūmī al-Ḥanafī, Anīs al-Fuqahā’ fī Ta’rīfāt al-Alfāẓ al-Mutadāwilah bayn al-Fuqahā’. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1424 H - 2004 M.
Al-San`ani, Abu Ibrahim Izz al-Din Muhammad bin Ismail bin Salah bin Muhammad al-Hasani, Al-Kahlani lalu Al-San`ani, Al-Tanweer Sharh Al-Saghir Al-Jami Perpustakaan Al-Saghir, Perpustakaan Dar Al-Salam, Riyadh, 1432 H/ 2011 M.
Al-Suyūti, al-Ḥāfiẓ Jalāl al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Raḥman bin Abī Bakr al-Suyūṭī. Syarḥ Sunan Ibn Majah. Majmū’ min Syurūḥ al-Zujājah li al-Suyūṭī. Karachi: Qadimi Kutub Khānah.
Al-Syawkānī, Muḥammad bin ‘Alī bin Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh al-Syawkānī al-Yamanī, Nayl al-Awṭār. Cairo: Dār al-Hadīth, 1413 H/ 1993 M.
Al-Tabrānī, Musnad al-Syamiyyin. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risālah, ed. (2), 1405 AH - 1984 AD.
Al-Turmudhī, Abū ‘Īsa Muḥammad bin ‘Īsa bin Sūrah bin Mūsa bin al-Ḍahāk. Al-Sunan. Cairo: Syarikah Maktabah wa Maṭba’ah al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1975 M/ 1395 H.
Al-Zarkasyī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Badr al-Dīn Muḥammad bin ‘Abd Allāh bin Bahadur al-Zarkasyī. Al-Baḥr Al-Muḥīṭ fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Dār al-Kutbi, n.d.
Ayyād, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad bin ‘Alī bin ‘Umar al-Tamīmī al-Māzirī al-Mālikī. Al-Mu’allim bi Fu’ād Muslim. Tunisia: Al-Dār al-Tūnisiyyah li al-Nasyr, 1988 M.
Durent, and Will Wirel. Qiṣṣah al-Ḥaḍārah. Tarjamah Zaki Najib Mahmoud. Beirut: Dār al-Jayl.
Fagleri, Laura Fisha. Difa’ ‘an Islam. Tarjamah Munīr al-Ba’albakī. Beirut: Dār al-‘Ilm li al-Malāyīn, 1981.
Ibn ‘Athīmayn, Muḥammad bin Ṣāliḥ bin Muḥammad. Syarḥ Riyāḍ al-Ṣālihīn. Riyad: Dār al-Waṭan li al-Nasyr, 1426 H.
Ibn Abī Syaybah, Abū Bakr ‘Abd Allāh bin Muḥammad bin Ibrāhīm bin ‘Uthmān bin Khawasitiy al-‘Abbāsiy. Al-Kitāb al-Muṣannif fī al-Aḥādith wa al-Āthār. Al-Riyāḍ: Maktabah al-Rusyd, 1409 H.
Ibn al-Athīr, Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Izz al-Dīn bin Abī al-Karam Muḥammad bin Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Karīm al-Syaybānī al-Jazarī. Asad al-Ghābah fī Ma’rifah al-Ṣaḥābah. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1989 M/ 1409 H.
Ibn al-Jawzī, Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Faraj ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin ‘Alī bin Muḥammad al-Jawzī. Kasyf al-Musykil min Ḥadīth al-Ṣaḥīḥayn. Riyad: Dār al-Waṭan, n.d.
Ibn al-Mulqān, Sirāj al-Dīn Abū Ḥafs ‘Umar bin ‘Alī bin Aḥmad al-Syāfi’ī al-Miṣrī. Altawḍīḥ li Syarḥ al-Jāmi’ al-Ṣaḥīḥ. Suria: Dār al-Nawādir, 2008 M/ 1429 H.
Ibn al-Mundzir, Abū Bakr Muḥammad bin Ibrāhīm bin al-Mundzir al-Nīsābūrī, Al-Ijmā‘. Dār al-Muslim li al-Nasyr wa al-Tawzī’, 1425 H.
Ibn al-Qayyim, Syams al-Dīn Muḥammad bin Abī Bakr bin Ayyūb bin Sa’d. Aḥkām Ahl Dhimmah. Al-Damām: Ramādī li al-Nasyr, 1997 M/ 1418 H.
Ibn Baṭal, Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Alī bin Khalaf bin ‘Abd al-Mulk. Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Riyad: Maktabah al-Rusyd, 2003 M/ 1423 H.
Ibn Ḥajr. Fatḥ al-Bārī Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Beirut: Dār al-Ma’rifah, 1379 H.
Ibn Hisyām, Abū Muḥammad Jamāl al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Mulk bin Hisyām bin Ayyub al-Humayrī al-Ma’arifī. Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah. Cairo: Syarikah Maktabah wa Maṭba’ah Muṣṭafa al-Babī al-Ḥalabī wa Awlādih, 1955 M/ 1375 H.
Ibn Kathīr, Abū al-Fidā’ Ismā’īl bin ‘Umar bin Kathīr al-Qurasyī al-Dimasyqī. Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah (Min al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah li Ibn Kathīr). Beirut: Dār al-Ma’rifah li al-Ṭibā’ah wa al-Nasyr, 1976 M/ 1395 H).
Ibn Mājah, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad bin Yazīd al-Qazwaynī. Al-Sunan. Dār Iḥyā’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah, nd.
Ibn Ruslān, Abū al-‘Abbās Syihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad bin Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī bin Ruslān al-Maqdisī al-Ramlī al-Syāfi’ī. Syarḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd. Miṣr: Dār al-Falāh li al-Baḥth al-‘Ilmī, 2016 M/ 1437 H.
Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, Fatḥ al-Dīn Abū al-Fatḥ Muḥammad bin Muḥammad bin Muḥammad bin Aḥmad Ibn Sayyid al-Nās al-Rab’ī. ‘Uyūn al-Athar fī Funūn al-Maghāzī wa al-Syamā’il wa al-Sayr. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 1993 M/ 1414 H.
Ibn Syubbah, Abū Zayd ‘Umar bin Syubbah bin ‘Ubaydah bin Riṭah al-Namīrī al-Baṣariy. Tārikh al-Madīnah. Jeddah, 1399 H.
Ibn Taymiyyah, Taqy al-Dīn Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad bin ‘Abd al-Ḥalīm bin ‘Abd al-Salām bin ‘Abd Allāh bin Abī al-Qāsim bin Muḥammad Ibn Taymiyyah al-Ḥirānī al-Ḥanbalī al-Dimasyqī. Al-Ṣārim al-Maslūl ‘Ala Syātim al-Rasūl. Saudi: Nasyr al-Ḥaras al-Waṭanī al-Sa’ūdī, n.d.
Ibn Taymiyyah, Taqy al-Dīn Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad bin ‘Abd al-Ḥalīm bin Taymiyyah al- al-Ḥirānī. Majmū’ al-Fatāwā. Madinah al-Munawwarah: Majma’ al-Mulk Fahd Li Ṭibā’ah al-Muṣḥaf al-Syarīf, 1995 M/ 1416 H.
Muslim, Abū al-Ḥasan Muslim bin al-Hajjāj al-Qusyayri al-Nīsābūrī. Al-Musnad al-Ṣaḥīḥ al-Mukhtaṣar bi Naql al-‘Adl ‘an al-‘Adl ila Rasūl Allāh Ṣalla Allāh ‘alayh wa Sallam. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, n.d.,
Qāsim, Ḥamzah Muḥammad Qāsim. Manār al-Qāri, Syarḥ Mukhtaṣar Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Damascus: Dār al-Bayān, 1410 H - 1990 M.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v21i1.7295
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Welcome to Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura (JIIF) open journal system. Thank you very much for visiting. We are looking forward to getting your research articles
Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura
All works are licensed under CC-BY
©Published by Center for Research and Community Service (LP2M) in cooperation with the Postgraduate Program of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.