Law Enforcement Against Illegal Orphanage Managers in Sexual Violence Against Foster Children

Rut Erika Bulan Cahya; Pepy  Marwinata

doi:10.22373/legitimasi.v15i1.33008

Authors

Rut Erika Bulan Cahya Universitas Negeri Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Pepy Marwinata Universitas Negeri Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22373/legitimasi.v15i1.33008

Keywords:

criminal law enforcement, illegal orphanages, child sexual abuse

Abstract

Illegal orphanages operating without permits often pose environmental risks that are vulnerable to various forms of abuse, including sexual violence against the children they are supposed to protect. This study examines the legal enforcement against illegal orphanage managers in Gubeng, Surabaya, who are suspected of being involved in sexual violence against foster children and child abduction, as well as regulations related to the establishment of social institutions. Using a normative legal approach and qualitative analysis methods, data was obtained through legal literature studies, court decisions, and case reports in the Surabaya area. The results of the study show that law enforcement efforts are still hampered by weak supervision, a lack of synergy between agencies such as the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Police, and the Social Services Agency, as well as legal loopholes that allow illegal orphanages to operate without adequate control. Obstacles in coordination also affect the process of proving cases, so that even though the Child Protection Law has established severe sanctions, its implementation in the field is often not optimal. These findings emphasize the need to strengthen the monitoring system, improve inter-agency cooperation, and strengthen commitment to law enforcement to prevent similar cases from recurring.

References

Amanda, Reni Yuvita, Mizaj Iskandar, and Boihaqi Adnan. “Hukum Adat Aceh Dan Perlindungan Anak Penyelesaian Kasus Kekerasan Di Gampong Deah Raya Banda Aceh.” Jarima: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Pidana Islam 1, no. 2 (2025): 181–95. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22373/jarima.v1i2.767.

Amrullah. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Yang Berkonflik Dengan Hukum Pidana Adat Di Aceh Selatan: Studi Terhadap Pelaksanaan Qanun Kemukiman Kuala Ba’u Kecamatan Kluet Utara Kab. Aceh Selatan.” Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies 4, no. 1 (2019): 55–72. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/equality.v4i1.4481.

Analiansyah, and Ali Abubakar. “Children Handling Procedure in Islamic Criminal Offense in Aceh.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 21, no. 1 (2021).

Badu, Lisnawaty W., and Julisa Aprilia Kaluku. “Restorative Justice in The Perspective of Customary Law: A Solution to The Settlement of Narcotics Crimes Committed by Children.” Jambura Law Review 4, no. 2 (2022).

Cass, Devon. “The Priority of Liberty: An Argument from Social Equality.” Law and Philosophy 40, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10982-020-09393-4.

Djawas, Mursyid, Dedy Sumardi, Ratna Yusdiana, Atika Nabila, and Cut Najwa Safa Yumna. “Restitution to Victims of Rape Crimes: Examination of Judicial Decision Number 06/JN/2019/MS.Lsm.” Legitimasi: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Politik Hukum 13, no. 2 (2024).

Erwiningsih, Winahyu, and Mahrus Ali. “Environmental Law for Sustainable Palm Oil Development to Combat Deforestation and Climate Change Impact.” Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, no. 8 (2023). https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i8.1444.

Friedman, Lawrence M. The Legal System of Social Science Perspective. New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 1975.

Giudice, Michael, and Brian Z. Tamanaha. “Socio-Legal Positivism and a General Jurisprudence.” The Methodology of Legal Theory 21, no. 1 (2018): 457–88.

Golanski, Alani. “A Structuralist Concept of the Rule of Law.” British Journal of American Legal Studies 10, no. 1 (2021).

Haris. “Press Release Unit Konsultasi Dan Bantuan Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Airlangga Dugaan Tindak Pidana Persetubuhan Dan Atau Pencabulan Terhadap Anak Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pemilik Panti Asuhan Di Surabaya.” FH Unair, 2025.

Hudson, Barbara. “Restorative Justice and Gendered Violence: Diversion or Effective Justice?” British Journal of Criminology, 2002.

Lukito, Ratno. “The Enigma of National Law in Indonesia: The Supreme Court’s Decisions on Gender-Neutral Inheritance.” Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 38, no. 52 (2006).

Manumoyoso, Ambrosius Harto. “Pengelola Sebuah Panti Asuhan Ilegal Di Surabaya Ditetapkan Sebagai Tersangka Karena Mencabuli Anak Asuhnya. Perbuatan Itu Dilakukan Tersangka Sejak Tahun 2022.” Kompas.id, 2025.

Moore, Ralph J. “Criminal Procedure: Included Offenses.” California Law Review 45, no. 4 (1957). https://doi.org/10.2307/3478604.

Oktanti Nueke Sulistyani. “Oktanti Nueke Sulistyani, "Evidence Using Visum Et Repertum Psychiatric Expert Psychiatrist For The Defendant And The Judge’s Consideration In Deciding The Crime Of Class I Narcotics Abuse (Studi Putusan Nomor : 575/Pid.B/2013/PN-KIS).” Verstek 9, no. 2 (2021): 1–5.

Oktaviandra, Surya, and Putri Aulia Arza. “From International Regulation to Local Implementation: Gender Equality for Sustainable Development Goals.” Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 8, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v8i1.44031.

Pangaribuan, Luhut M.P. Restorative Justice Dan Penegakan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali- Pers, 2020.

Peter Mahmud Marzuki. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana, 2014.

Pujiani, Resty Shelya, Mutia Azizah Aksan, and Maya Sinta. “Seeking Justice for Indonesian Children: The Juvenile Criminal Justice System in Indonesia in the Context of Criminal Justice Reform.” Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services 4, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v4i2.60033.

Putro, Widodo Dwi, and Adriaan W. Bedner. “Ecological Sustainability from a Legal Philosophy Perspective.” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 8, no. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v8i2.71127.

Rachmalia, A P, and H Harisman. “Penegakan Hukum Panti Asuhan Yang Mengeksploitasi Anak Sebagai Pengemis Melalui Aplikasi TikTok Di Kota Medan.” UNES Law Review 6, no. 3 (2024): 8457–62.

Republic of Indonesia. “Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [Law No. 1 of 2023 Concerning the Criminal Code, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2023 No. 1, State Gazette No. 6842.” Jakarta: State Secretariat, 2023.

———. “Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 Tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual [Law No. 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2022 No. 120], State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia No. 6792.” Jakarta: State Secretariat, 2022.

Saepullah, Asep, Abdul Aziz, Ipuk Widayanti, M. Zidny Nafi’ Hasbi, and Adamu Abubakar Muhammad. “A Contemporary Socio-Legal Evaluation of Indonesia’s Post-Reformation Child Marriage Policies.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 4, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i2.10322.

Saprida, Saprida, Meriyati Meriyati, Choiriyah Choiriyah, Zuul Fitriani Umari, and Imamul Arifin. “Cash Waqf: An Analysis of the Legality of Productive Waqf Management for Sustainable Development (SDGs).” Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam 25, no. 02 (2025). https://doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v25i02.7203.

Sinatrio, Wikan. “The Implementation of Diversion and Restorative Justice in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System in Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 4, no. 1 (2019).

Soekanto, Soerjono. “Antropologi Hukum Sebagai Penunjang Studi Hukum Adat.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 15, no. 2 (2017). https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol15.no2.1115.

———. Beberapa Permasalahan Hukum Dalam Kerangka Pembangunan Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia, 1976.

———. Perspektif Teoretis Studi Hukum Dalam Masyarakat. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 1985.

———. Sosiologi: Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2010.

Sri Utami, Hepy Krisman Laia, and Muhammad Arif Sahlepi. “Legal Protection of Child Victims of Sexual Crimes in the Perspective of Criminal Law.” International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 2, no. 2 (2025).

Sulistyo, Edhei, Pujiyono, and Nur Rochaeti. “Restorative Justice as a Resolution for the Crime of Rape with Child Perpetrators.” International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (2021).

Sumardi, Dedy, Mukhsin Nyak Umar, Ruslan Sangaji, Firdaus M Yunus, and Rahmatul Akbar. “Transition of Civil Law to Public Law: Integration of Modern Punishment Theory in Criminal Apostasy.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2022). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v22i1.26359.

Sutedi, Ahmad. Metodologi Penelitian Hukum: Pendekatan Normatif Dan Socio-Legal. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2020.

Tursilarini, Tateki Yoga, Trilaksmi Udiati, Irmawan, Sunit Agus Tri Cahyono, Suryani, and Dodi Al Vayed. “Examining Child Victims of Incest in Indonesia: Between the Legal System and Family Dysfunction.” Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah 23, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i1.12341.

Yuningsih, Henny, I. Nyoman Nurjaya, Prija Djatmika, and Masruchin Ruba’I. “Ratio Legis of Chemical Castration to the Perpetrators of Sexual Violence against Children.” Sriwijaya Law Review 4, no. 2 (2020).

Yusefri, Mu’adil Faizin, and Wahyu Abdul Jafar. “Protecting Child Labor Rights: Maqasid Sharia Framework and Policy Recommendations.” Samarah 8, no. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.24559.

Zainuddin, Muslim, Mukhsin Nyak Umar, Dedy Sumardi, Mansari Mansari, and Zakki Fuad Khalil. “Protection of Women and Children in the Perspective of Legal Pluralism: A Study in Aceh and West Nusa Tenggara.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam Hukum Islam 8, no. 3 (2024): 1948–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i3.22203.

Zakaria, Firman, Chepi Ali Mahmud, and Ade Mulyana. “Legal Protection for Child Victims of Sexual Assault in a Restorative Justice Perspective.” Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 23, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2023.V23.59-70.