أهمية الأسس النفسية لتعلم اللغة العربية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/l.v2i2.820Keywords:
teori dasar kejiwaan, pembelajaran bahasa arabAbstract
Seorang guru bahasa arab hendaknya memahami dan menguasai ilmu kebahasaan, ilmu kejiwaan dan ilmu kependidikan sebelum mengajar. Ketiga dasar ilmu tersebut sangatlah menunjang keberhasilan seseorang dalam mengajar bahasa. Teori dasar kejiwaan menjadi landasan dalam memahami karakteristik, kebutuhan dan perbedaan individu anak didik. Teori tersebut dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu; behavioristic theory (teori tingkah laku) dan cognitive theory (teori kognitif). Teori tingkah laku ini memusatkan perhatiannya pada indicator eksternal yang mempengaruhi anak didik dalam belajar seperti; adanya stimulus dan respon, penghargaan dan hukuman, serta penguasaan terhadap lingkungan pembelajaran. Sedangkan teori kognitif memfokuskan pengkajiannya terhadap indicator internal bagi anak didik yang memiliki andil dalam proses pembelajaran, seperti; kecenderungan, keinginan, tujuan belajar, kemampuan dan beberapa arahan baik mengenai materi pembelajaran maupun bagi sang pendidik guna tercapainya tujuan dari pembelajaran.References
المراجع العربية:
أحمد زكي صالح، التعلم: أسسه ونظرياته، القاهرة: مكتبة النهضة المصرية،1967.
صلاح عبد المجيد، تعلم اللغة الحياة وتعليمها، بيروت: مكتبة لبنان، الطبعة، الأولى، 1981.
إبراهيم وجيه محمود، التعلم أسسه ونظرياته، القاهرة، 1991.
ه. دوجلاس بروان، أسس تعلم اللغة وتعليمها، بيروت: دار النهضة العربية، 1994.
المراجع الأجنبية:
Pavlov, I., Conditioned Reflexes, London: Oxford, 1827.
Skinner, B. F., Science and Human Behavior, 1852.
Thorndike, E. L., The Psychology of Wants, Interest and Attitudes, 1835.
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