DETERMINANT FACTORS EFFECTING POVERTY AMONG NEW CONVERTS IN SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

Fuadah Johari, Kalsom Abd Wahab, Ahmad Fahme Mohd Ali, Muhammad Ridhwan Abd Aziz

Abstract


The justice in Islam had attracted and opens the hearts of non-muslins to accept Islam. The justice and truthfulness of Islamic teaching attract the human to be part of its through conversion or reconciliation of hearts (Muallaf al-Qulub) and it is one of the zakat recipients mentioned in Al-Qur’an. In Selangor, zakat assistance to the new converts begins from the first day they become Muslims. The new Muslim would be immediately helped with MYR 500.00 monthly allowance for five years until they manage to act in accordance with Allah’s orders and to perform worshipping (Mukallaf). This paper identifies the factors of new converts’ poverty in Selangor, Malaysia using a logistic regression method. A set of survey questionnaires has been used in this research and 80 respondents were randomly selected from Selangor Zakat Centre (SZC) zakat recipient’s list from the New Converts category for nine districts of Selangor in 2013. We estimate the probability of households with specified characteristics to fall below Malaysia’s official poverty line. Results show that education, size, region, income and amount of zakat received significantly reduces the chance of being poor while gender, age, status were not a significant predictor. Thus, these statistical measures have proven the positive role of zakat in reducing poverty among the new converts. The findings have important policy implications for zakat institution and Malaysian government which has pledged to reduce overall poverty rate to 2.8 percent and eradicates hardcore poverty by 2010 under the Ninth Malaysian Plan.
===========================================
Keadilan dalam Islam telah menarik perhatian dan membuka hati non-muslim untuk menerima Islam. Keadilan dan kejujuran dalam ajaran Islam menarik banyak untuk masuk dalam Islam (Muallaf al-Qulub) dan mereka menjadi salah satu penerima zakat seperti disebutkan dalam Al Qur'an. Di Selangor, bantuan zakat kepada para muallaf dimulai pada hari pertama mereka menjadi umat Islam. Mualaf tersebut akan diberi uang saku sebesar MYR 500.00 per bulan selama 5 tahun sampai mereka mampu mengelola kehidupannya sesuai dengan perintah Allah dan melaksanakan ibadahnya (Mukallaf). Paper ini mengidentifikasikan faktor-faktor kemiskinan mualaf di Selangor, Malaysia dengan menggunakan metode regresi logistic. Seperangkat kuesioner digunakan untuk penelitian ini dan 80 responden dipilih secara acak dari daftar para penerima zakat Selangor Zakat Centre (SZC) untuk kategori mualaf dari sembilan distrik di Selangor untuk tahun 2013. Kami memperkirakan probabilitas rumah tangga rumah tangga dengan karakteristik dimaksud mengalami penurunan di bawah angka kemiskinan resmi Malaysia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan, ukuran, wilayah, pendapatan dan jumlah zakat yang diterima secara signifikan mengurangi kemiskinan sementara faktor gender, umur, dan status bukanlah faktor yang signifikan. Oleh karena itu, hasil perhitungan statistik membuktikan bahwa zakat berperan positif dalam mengurangi kemiskinan para mualaf tersebut. Temuan ini mempunyai implikasi penting terhadap kebijakan institusi zakat dan juga pemerintah Malaysia telah bertekad untuk mengurangi angka kemiskinan Malaysia menjadi 2.8 persen dan mengurangi kemiskinan ekstrim per tahun 2010 berdasarkan Ninth Malaysian Plan.

Keywords


Zakat; Had Kifayah; Household Head Gender; New Convert

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aishah, M., Junaida, I., Muna, A. J., Siti Rafidah, M.D., & Jusoff, Kamaruzaman. (2011). Conversion Patterns among Mualafs at Pusat Bimbingan Islam Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’azam Syah Negeri Kedah Darul Aman (Pusba). Elixir Soc. Sci., 34(2011), 2509–2511.

Al-Qardawi, Yusuf. (1999). Fiqh Az-Zakat: A Comparative Study. London: Dar Al-Tawwa, Ltd.

Ghazali, Aidit, & Hamid, Zulkifli Abdul. (2012). Kajian Berkaitan Kepuasan Responden Terhadap Program Bantuan Kepada New Converts Di Selangor. Paper presented at the Persidangan Antarabangsa Pembangunan New Converts 2013, (ICMuD) Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa, Selangor.

Harris, J. M., & Blisard, N. (2002). Food-Consumption Patterns among Elderly Age Groups. Journal of Food Distribution Research, 33(1), 85-91.

Hauser, R. M., & Warren, J. R. (1997). Socio Economic Indexes for Occupations: A Review, Update, and Critique. Sociological Methodology, 27(1), 177-298.

Henninger, N. (1998). Mapping and Geographic Analysis of Human Welfare and Poverty: Review and Assessment. Washington, DC, USA: World Resources Institute.

Ibrahim, P. (2006). Economic Role of Zakat in Reducing Income Inequality and Poverty in Selangor. (Doctoral Dissertation), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor.

Johan, F. (2004). Keberkesanan Zakat Dalam Mengatasi Masalah Kemiskinan Di Negeri Melaka. (Master Dissertation), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.

Johari, F., Ab Aziz, M. R., Ibrahim, M. F., & Ali, A. F. M. (2013). The Roles of Islamic Social Welfare Assistant (Zakat) for the Economic Development of New Convert. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18(3), 330-339.

Johari, F., Aziz, M. R. A., Ibrahim, M. F., & Ali, A. F. M. (2013). Zakat Distribution and Programme for Sustaining New Converts Belief and Thought. Jurnal Teknologi, 66(1).

Kawangit, Razaleigh Muhamat @, Don, Abdul Ghafar, Hamjah, Salasiah Hanin, Sham, Fariza Md., Nasir, Badlihisham Mohd., Asha’ari, Muhammad Faisal, . . . Ghani, Mohd Zulkipli Abd. (2012). Assimilation Level of Chinese New Converts in Kuala Lumpur. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(4), 524–533.

Kawangit, Razaleigh Muhamat @, Puteh, Anuar, & Abdullah, Nur Athiroh Masya'l Tan. (2009). Participation of New Converts in the Mosque Activities in Enhancing Islamic Tolerance. Jurnal Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, -(-).

Kerckhoff, A. C. (1975). Patterns of Educational Attainment in Great Britain. American Journal of Sociology, -(-), 1428-1437.

Majid, Mariam binti Abd., Zin, Ab. Aziz bin Mohd, & Kadir, Fakhrul Adabi bin Abd. (2010). Kepuasan Dalam Hubungan Persaudaraan: Satutinjauan Di Kalangan New Converts Di Negeri Selangor Darul Ehsan. Paper presented at the Seminar Antarabangsa Pembangunan New Converts 2013 (ICMuD 2013), Kolej Universiti Islam Malaysia.

Panudulkitti, P. (2007). How Does the Level of Urbanization Matter for Poverty Reduction? Working Paper. Georgia State University.

Sham, Fariza Md, Jami’an, Siti Aisyah, & Tibek, Siti Rugayah Hj. (2013). Faktor Peningkatan Kualiti Hidup Saudara Baru Orang Asli Di Gombak Selangor. Religion, 29(2), 141-163.

Stanfiel, J. D. (1973). Socioeconomic Status as Related to Aptitude, Attrition, and Achievement of College Students. Sociology of Education, -(-), 480-488.

Worley, S. E., & Story, W. E. (1967). Socieconomic Status and Language Facility of Beginning First Graders. The Reading Teacher, 20(5), 400-403.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/share.v4i1.702

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2015 SHARE Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.