RANGKUMAN PENGGUNAAN METODE MARKER BASED TRACKING DAN MARKERLESS PADA APLIKASI AUGMENTED REALITY

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22373/cj.v9i2.32313

Keywords:

Augmented Reality, marker based tracking, markerless

Abstract

Teknologi Augmented Reality mengalami perkembangan pesat dengan dua pendekatan pelacakan utama yaitu metode marker based tracking dan markerless. Kajian literatur ini menganalisis sebelas implementasi penelitian yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025 untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik performa, keunggulan, serta keterbatasan kedua metode pelacakan pada berbagai domain aplikasi. Metode marker based tracking mendemonstrasikan akurasi superior dengan tingkat kesalahan di bawah tiga persen dan stabilitas optimal pada lingkungan terkontrol, mencapai tingkat keberhasilan 72,2 hingga 77,8 persen pada berbagai perangkat. Namun terjadi degradasi performa pada jarak ekstensif dan kondisi pencahayaan spesifik. Sebaliknya, metode markerless menawarkan fleksibilitas eksepsional dengan tingkat keberhasilan mencapai 94,4 persen dan adaptabilitas luar biasa terhadap kondisi lingkungan beragam tanpa memerlukan penanda fisik. Metode ini terbukti sangat efektif untuk aplikasi medis, desain interior, pendidikan anatomi, dan manufaktur pintar. Tantangan utama meliputi ketidakstabilan spasial hologram pada pengaturan kompleks dan kebutuhan komputasi lebih tinggi. Inovasi yang mengombinasikan absolute pose regressor dengan visual-inertial odometry telah mereduksi kesalahan hingga lima puluh persen dengan kecepatan inferensi delapan puluh milidetik. Pemilihan metode harus mempertimbangkan kebutuhan akurasi, kondisi lingkungan operasional, keterbatasan perangkat keras, dan kompleksitas implementasi untuk mengoptimalkan efektivitas aplikasi AR.

Author Biography

  • Nurrisma, UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, STMIK Indonesia Banda Aceh

    Google Scholar :

    https://scholar.google.co.id/citations?hl=en&user=vxU3py0AAAAJ&view_op=list_works&gmla=ABEO0YriW2-2-zMP2kCAUzVA4vF3zODZkUv19k5UGy22qhJdwFhvOShUQCuR3il9eAOciLyUUSjicOu2roiJsx_6

     

    Cv :

    https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ByxDsKEax17x59i4vdZz-cZ7S1MT9CVC/view?usp=share_link

References

[1] F. Yanti Sirait, M. Fitri, and M. Marliyah, “Islamic Financial Technology Dalam Penerapan Di Lembaga Keuangan Syariah,” Al-Sharf J. Ekon. Islam, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 211–227, 2023, doi: 10.56114/al-sharf.v4i3.11058.

[2] Appinventiv, “AR in Education: Transforming Learning & Teaching Experience,” 2025.

[3] D. Basumatary and R. Maity, “Effects of Augmented Reality in Primary Education: A Literature Review,” Hum. Behav. Emerg. Technol., vol. 2023, 2023, doi: 10.1155/2023/4695759.

[4] T. A. Syed et al., “In-Depth Review of Augmented Reality: Tracking Technologies, Development Tools, AR Displays, Collaborative AR, and Security Concerns,” 2023.

[5] Financesonline, “Augmented Reality Technologies Today: 2024 AR Research & Applications,” 2024.

[6] M. Abdinejad, C. Ferrag, H. S. Qorbani, and S. Dalili, “Developing a Simple and Cost-Effective Markerless Augmented Reality Tool for Chemistry Education,” J. Chem. Educ., vol. 98, no. 5, pp. 1783–1788, 2021, doi: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00173.

[7] D. Basumatary and R. Maity, “Design, development and testing of BodoRao—A markerless augmented reality application for endangered language in primary education,” J. Comput. Assist. Learn., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 3083–3097, Dec. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.13056.

[8] T. G. Kukuni, B. Kotze, and W. Hurst, “Machine Vision for Device Tracking in a Smart Manufacturing Environment Based on Augmented Reality,” Augment. Hum. Res., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s41133-023-00060-6.

[9] Moldstud, “A Beginner’s Guide to Augmented Reality Marker Tracking - Concepts and Tools Explained,” 2024.

[10] M. R. Fadli, “Memahami desain metode penelitian kualitatif,” Humanika, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 33–54, 2021, doi: 10.21831/hum.v21i1.38075.

[11] S. Boonbrahm, P. Boonbrahm, and C. Kaewrat, “The use of marker-based augmented reality in space measurement,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 42, no. 2019, pp. 337–343, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.081.

[12] M. Sulistiyono, J. W. Hasyim, B. Bernadhed, F. Liantoni, and A. Sidauruk, “Comparative study of marker-based and markerless tracking in augmented reality under variable environmental conditions,” J. Soft Comput. Explor., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 413–422, 2024, doi: 10.52465/joscex.v5i4.503.

[13] R. Wardhani, “Leveraging Marker-based Augmented Reality to Enhance Simplified Representation Learning in Mechanical Drawing : A Practical Studies in The Mechanical Engineering Curriculum,” J. Kependidikan J. Has. Penelit. dan Kaji. Kepustakaan di Bid. Pendidikan, Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 782, 2024, doi: 10.33394/jk.v10i2.10727.

[14] T. Scargill, J. Chen, and M. Gorlatova, Here To Stay: Measuring Hologram Stability in Markerless Smartphone Augmented Reality, vol. 1, no. 1. Association for Computing Machinery, 2021.

[15] C. Liu, Y. Zhao, and T. Braud, “MobileARLoc: On-device Robust Absolute Localisation for Pervasive Markerless Mobile AR,” 2024 IEEE Int. Conf. Pervasive Comput. Commun. Work. other Affil. Events, PerCom Work. 2024, pp. 544–549, 2024, doi: 10.1109/PerComWorkshops59983.2024.10503320.

[16] Y. Yang, C. Leuze, B. Hargreaves, B. Daniel, and F. Baik, “EasyREG: Easy Depth-Based Markerless Registration and Tracking using Augmented Reality Device for Surgical Guidance,” 2025.

[17] A. Setiawan, A. A. Ahmadi, Sukirman, and M. Koprawi, Enhancing Learning Experiences Using Markerless Augmented Reality in Computer Hardware Education, no. Veic. Atlantis Press SARL, 2024. doi: 10.2991/978-2-38476-342-9_10.

[18] N. Saha, V. Gadow, and R. Harik, “Emerging Technologies in Augmented Reality ( AR ) and Virtual Reality ( VR ) for Manufacturing Applications : A Comprehensive Review,” pp. 1–38, 2025.

[19] S. Nasir, M. N. Zahid, T. A. Khan, K. Kadir, and S. Khan, “Augmented reality an economical solution for engineers and designers,” Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 833–844, 2019, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp834-844.

[20] A. Sadeghi-Niaraki and S. M. Choi, “A survey of marker-less tracking and registration techniques for health & environmental applications to augmented reality and ubiquitous geospatial information systems,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 20, no. 10, 2020, doi: 10.3390/s20102997.

[21] A. Y. Almesta, O. S. Bachri, and N. A. Ramdhan, “Implementation of Markerless Augmented Reality For Human Anatomy Education,” vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 3032–3044, 2025.

Downloads

Published

2025-10-31

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Nurrisma Risma

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Cyberspace Journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).