Sharia Auditing in Zakat Institutions: Challenges and Prospects in Indonesia
Abstract
Ensuring Sharia compliance within religious institutions, particularly zakat institutions, is imperative to safeguarding their credibility, maintaining public trust, and mitigating significant legal and reputational risks. While prior research has extensively explored Islamic banking regulations, limited scholarly attention has been given to the governance and auditing frameworks of zakat institutions. This study explores how zakat authorities regulate and operate to enforce adherence to Islamic principles, addressing a key gap in research, which has mostly focused on Islamic banking. Using a qualitative approach, the study is based on interviews with 35 key stakeholders, including representatives from Indonesia’s Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA), Sharia auditors, and practitioners from both state-regulated (BAZNAS) and non-state (LAZ) zakat institutions. The findings highlight the evolving nature of Sharia auditing, which involves both internal Sharia supervisors and external auditors from the MoRA. However, challenges persist, particularly in clearly separating financial audits from Sharia audits, which affects their effectiveness. The findings indicate that Sharia auditing remains in a nascent phase, with its current implementation largely serving administrative formalities rather than fostering substantive enhancements in compliance. This study advocates for urgent scholarly and practical efforts to refine Sharia auditing frameworks, ensuring they transcend procedural checklists and actively strengthen institutional adherence to Islamic ethical and legal standards.
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ABSTRAK - Audit Syariah dalam Lembaga Zakat: Tantangan dan Prospek di Indonesia. Kepatuhan terhadap prinsip syariah dalam institusi keagamaan, khususnya organisasi zakat, sangat penting untuk menjaga kredibilitas, kepercayaan publik, serta menghindari risiko hukum dan reputasi yang signifikan. Meskipun penelitian sebelumnya telah banyak menyoroti regulasi perbankan Islam, kajian mengenai tata kelola dan audit syariah dalam lembaga zakat masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme regulasi dan operasional yang diterapkan oleh otoritas zakat dalam menegakkan kepatuhan terhadap prinsip-prinsip syariah, sekaligus mengisi kesenjangan dalam literatur terkait audit syariah di luar sektor perbankan. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, data penelitian ini berasal dari wawancara dengan 35 pemangku kepentingan kunci, termasuk perwakilan dari Kementerian Agama Indonesia, auditor syariah, serta praktisi dari lembaga zakat negara (BAZNAS) dan non-negara (LAZ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik audit syariah terus berkembang, dengan mekanisme pengawasan ganda yang mengombinasikan pengawasan internal oleh dewan pengawas syariah dan audit eksternal oleh Kementerian. Namun, masih terdapat ambiguitas dalam membedakan audit keuangan dan audit syariah, yang menghambat efektivitas implementasinya. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa audit syariah masih berada dalam tahap awal, sering kali hanya menjadi formalitas administratif tanpa memberikan peningkatan yang substansial dalam kepatuhan terhadap prinsip syariah. Studi ini menekankan perlunya pengembangan kerangka audit syariah yang lebih komprehensif, baik dari perspektif akademik maupun praktis. Untuk memperkuat kepatuhan institusional terhadap standar etika dan hukum Islam, audit syariah harus berkembang dari sekadar kepatuhan berbasis daftar periksa menjadi instrumen tata kelola yang lebih substansial, guna meningkatkan integritas regulasi dalam lembaga zakat.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/share.v14i1.26059
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