A Model of Zakah-Waqf Integration for MSMEs Empowerment in Islamic Social Finance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/r7q25263Keywords:
MSMEs, Productive Zakah, Cash Waqf, Integration Model, Islamic Social FinanceAbstract
ABSTRACT - Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia face persistent challenges in accessing capital, as reported in the 2023 Micro and Small Industry (IMK) survey. As instruments of Islamic social finance, zakah and waqf offer promising alternative funding sources for MSME empowerment. Currently, zakah and waqf institutions operate productive MSME programs independently, despite their complementary characteristics. This study aims to develop an integrated model of productive zakah and cash waqf to enhance the empowerment of MSMEs, while also identifying the key issues, solutions, and strategies required for implementation. A qualitative approach was employed through in-depth expert interviews to design the model, followed by the Delphi-Analytic Network Process (ANP) method to assess stakeholder consensus on challenges, responses, and policy strategies. The findings reveal a dual-scheme model: the first scheme utilizes productive zakah and returns from cash waqf (mauquf alaih) to support newly established MSMEs, while the second scheme allocates cash waqf funds (mauquf bih) to more established MSMEs under a mudharabah contract. Delphi-ANP analysis indicates that human resource capacity is the top priority for successful integration, followed by regulatory alignment, public awareness, and technological readiness. The study concludes that harmonizing zakah and waqf management within single institutions should be prioritized before expanding to cross-institutional collaborations, offering a practical roadmap for enhancing Islamic social finance effectiveness in MSME development.
ABSTRAK - Model Integrasi Zakat-Wakaf untuk Pemberdayaan UMKM dalam Keuangan Sosial Islam. Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia masih menghadapi kesulitan dalam memperoleh akses permodalan, sebagaimana tercermin dalam survei Industri Mikro dan Kecil (IMK) tahun 2023. Zakat dan wakaf sebagai instrumen keuangan sosial Islam menawarkan alternatif pendanaan yang potensial bagi pemberdayaan UMKM. Saat ini, program zakat produktif dan wakaf tunai dijalankan secara terpisah oleh masing-masing lembaga, meskipun keduanya memiliki karakteristik yang saling melengkapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang model integrasi zakat produktif dan wakaf tunai untuk pemberdayaan UMKM, serta mengidentifikasi isu utama, solusi, dan strategi implementasinya. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para ahli untuk menyusun model, yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan metode Delphi-Analytic Network Process (ANP) guna mengukur konsensus pemangku kepentingan terhadap permasalahan, solusi, dan strategi kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model integrasi terdiri dari dua skema: skema pertama menggunakan dana zakat produktif dan hasil pembiayaan wakaf (mauquf alaih) untuk mendukung UMKM baru, sedangkan skema kedua mengalokasikan dana wakaf tunai (mauquf bih) kepada UMKM yang telah berjalan melalui kontrak mudharabah. Analisis Delphi-ANP menempatkan penguatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia sebagai prioritas utama integrasi, diikuti oleh keselarasan regulasi, peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, dan kesiapan teknologi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa harmonisasi manajemen zakat dan wakaf dalam satu lembaga perlu didahulukan sebelum melangkah ke kolaborasi antar-lembaga, sehingga dapat menjadi panduan praktis dalam meningkatkan efektivitas keuangan sosial Islam untuk pengembangan UMKM.
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