Digitalizing Halal Assurance: An Integrated Framework of Blockchain, IoT, and Laboratory Verification
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/share.30436Keywords:
halal assurance, blockchain, Internet of Things, laboratory testing, Islamic economic systemAbstract
The growing complexity of global halal supply chains has exposed structural weaknesses in conventional halal certification systems, particularly in ensuring traceability, transparency, and scientific verification. This study aims to propose an integrated conceptual framework for strengthening halal product assurance by combining blockchain technology, the Internet of Things (IoT), and laboratory testing within a unified governance model. Using a conceptual and theory-driven approach, the framework systematically maps each technology to specific stages of the halal value chain—from raw material sourcing and processing to logistics and certification—thereby forming a closed-loop compliance monitoring system. Blockchain enables immutable and transparent data recording, IoT supports real-time monitoring of environmental and logistical conditions, and laboratory testing provides empirical validation of product composition. The integration of smart contracts further automates compliance verification, reducing human error and increasing operational efficiency. The framework is theoretically grounded in traceability systems theory, socio-technical systems theory, and the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah), ensuring both technological reliability and Shariah alignment. The study’s implications highlight the potential of ethically aligned digital innovation to enhance trust, accountability, and governance in halal assurance, offering strategic insights for certification bodies, industry actors, and regulators navigating halal governance in the digital era.
Abstrak
Digitalisasi Jaminan Halal: Kerangka Terintegrasi Blockchain, IoT, dan Verifikasi Laboratorium. Meningkatnya kompleksitas rantai pasok halal global telah mengungkap berbagai keterbatasan sistem sertifikasi halal konvensional, khususnya dalam menjamin keterlacakan, transparansi, dan validitas ilmiah produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan sebuah kerangka konseptual terintegrasi untuk memperkuat jaminan produk halal melalui pemanfaatan teknologi blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), dan verifikasi laboratorium dalam satu sistem tata kelola yang komprehensif. Dengan pendekatan konseptual berbasis teori, setiap teknologi diposisikan secara strategis pada tahapan rantai nilai halal, mulai dari pengadaan bahan baku, proses produksi, distribusi, hingga penerbitan sertifikat, sehingga membentuk mekanisme pengawasan kepatuhan yang bersifat menyeluruh dan berkelanjutan. Blockchain berfungsi menjamin integritas dan ketertelusuran data, IoT memungkinkan pemantauan kondisi lingkungan dan logistik secara real time, sementara pengujian laboratorium memberikan pembuktian empiris atas kandungan produk. Penerapan smart contract mengotomatisasi proses verifikasi kepatuhan, meningkatkan efisiensi, serta meminimalkan kesalahan manusia. Kerangka ini berlandaskan teori sistem keterlacakan, teori sistem sosial-teknikal, dan maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, sehingga selaras secara teknis maupun normatif. Studi ini berimplikasi pada penguatan tata kelola halal berbasis teknologi yang etis, serta memberikan rujukan strategis bagi lembaga sertifikasi, pelaku industri, dan regulator di era digital.
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