Social Inclusion in Society: Historical Analysis of the Concept of Qabā'il in Q.S Al-Hujurat Verse 13
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/tafse.v10i2.30069Keywords:
Kabilah, Social Exclusion, Social Inclusion, Societies, Q.S. Al-Hujurat: 13Abstract
Humans are social creatures, they need others and tend to live in groups, which raises social exclusion. Although this issue gained attention among sociologists only in the late 20th century, pre-Islamic Arab societies had already experienced it due to the tribal (kabilah) system. This paper discusses the shift in the concept of kabilah from exclusion to inclusion and the inclusive values that Islam offers through this verse to foster harmony in diverse societies based on Q.S. Al-Hujurat verse 13. The research uses qualitative methods, including literature research and historical approaches. Primary sources include the Qur'an, while secondary sources are derived from tafsir, historical books, scientific articles, and other sources. Data analysis applies the tahlili technique for Qur'anic verses and content analysis for the other data. However, there is plenty of academic research concerning the social exclusion issue; the author has not found any research that specifically explores the change in the basis of Qaba ̅'il social function into the concept of social inclusion. Results show that social exclusion in pre-Islamic Arab society arose from inherited stereotypes and changes in social customs. Islam overcomes tribal exclusion through the concept of ta'aruf (mutual recognition) and rejects discriminatory hierarchical social stratification, promoting an inclusive society without social classes. The application of social inclusion values obtained through the analysis in this paper is expected to be one of the solutions to overcome forms of social exclusion in contemporary society. This study is limited to historical literature and does not involve field or archaeological research.
Downloads
References
Adinugraha, Hendri Hermawan, Asep Suraya Maulana, and Mila Sartika. “Kewenangan Dan Kedudukan Perempuan Dalam Perspektif Gender: Suatu Analisis Tinjauan Historis.” Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama Dan Jender 17, no. 1 (2018): 42–62. https://doi.org/10.24014/marwah.v17i1.4515.
Adnan, Gunawan. “Stratifikasi Sosial Dan Perjuangan Kelas Dalam Perspektif Max Weber.” Repository Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, 2021, 1–20. http://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/19547.
Afifah, Hasna, and Halimatul Sakdiah. “Makna Dan Karakteristik Ayat Al-Makky Dan Almadany Serta Urgensi Mempelajarinya.” MUSHAF JOURNAL : Jurnal Ilmu Al Quran Dan Hadis 2, no. 2 (2022). https://mushafjournal.com/index.php/mj/article/view/27.
Al-Bajawi, Ali Muhammad, Muhammad Ahmad Jadul Maula, and Muhammad Abdul Fadhl Ibrahim. “Pendahuluan.” In Ayyamul Arab (Hari-Hari Bangsa Arab Sebelum Islam Dari Permusuhan Hingga Perang Antarsuku, edited by Muhammad Husnil, Cetakan 1. Ciputat, Tanggerang Selatan: Pustaka Alvabet, 2024.
Al-Istambuli, Madmud Mahdi, and Musthafa Abu Nashr Asy-Syilby. Wanita-Wanita Tangguh Di Sekitar Rasulullah SAW. Translated by Ahmad Sarbaini, Kasimun, and Mukhlisun Ibnu Abdurrohim. Jakarta: Quanta, 2022.
Al-Naisaburi, Abu al-Hasan ’Ali bin Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ’Ali al-Wahidi. Asbabun Nuzul; Sebab-Sebab Turunnya Ayat Al-Qur’an. Edited by A. Syifa’ul Qulub. Translated by Moh. Syamsi. Cetakan I. Surabaya: Amelia Surabaya, 2014.
Al-Quddus; Al-Qur’an Dan Terjemah. Cetakan X. Kudus: CV. Mubarokatan Thoyyibah, 2022.
Al-Qurthubi, Syaikh Imam. Tafsir Al-Qurthubi; Al Jami’ Li Ahkam Al Qur’an. Edited by Mahmud Hamid Utsman. Vol. 17. Jakarta Selatan: Pustaka Azzam, 2007.
Al-Zamakhsyari, Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Umar. Tafsîr Al-Kasysyâf ’an Haqâ’iq Ghawâmidh at-Tanzîl Wa ’Uyῡn Al-Aqâwîl Fî Wujȗh Al-Ta’wîl. Cetakan XI. Beirut; Libanon: Dar al-Ma’refah, 2009.
Ali, Jawwad. Sejarah Arab Sebelum Islam; Geografi, Iklim, Karakteristik Dan Silsilah. Edited by Fajar Kurnianto. Translated by Khalifurrahman Fath. Cetakan 1. Vol. 1. Ciputat, Tanggerang Selatan: Pustaka Alvabet, 2018.
———. Sejarah Arab Sebelum Islam; Kondisi Sosial-Budaya. Edited by Fajar Kurnianto. Translated by Fath Khalifurrahman. Cetakan I. Vol. 4. Ciputat, Tanggerang Selatan: Pustaka Alvabet, 2019.
Aminah, Siti. “Stratifikasi Sosial Dalam Perkawinan Masyarakat Islam Sasak (Studi Pada Perkawinan Masyarakat Desa Sengkerang, Lombok Tengah).” Sosiologi Agama: Jurnal Ilmiah Sosiologi Agama Dan Perubahan Sosial 11, no. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2017.%25x.
Amrullah, Abdul Malik Abdul Karim. Tafsir Al-Azhar. Cetakan IV. Vol. 08. Singapore: Kerjaya Printing Industries, 2001.
Anam, Saichul. “Inklusi Sosial Dan Pendidikan Multikultural Dalam Pendidikan Islam.” Istifkar; Media Transformasi Pendidikan 3, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.62509/ji.v3i1.76.
Armstrong, Karen. Muhammad; Prophet for Our Time. Edited by Ahmad Baiquni. Translated by Yulianti Liputo. Cetakan 1. Vol. Edisi II. Bandung: Mizan, 2013.
———. The Lost Art of Scripture. Edited by Yuliani Liputo and Ahmad Baiquni. Translated by Andityas Prabantoro. Cetakan I. Bandung: Mizan, 2021.
As-Suyuthi, Abdurrahman bin Kamaluddin Abu Bakr bin Muhammad bin Sabiquddin bin Al-Fakhr Utsman. Asbabun Nuzul; Sebab-Sebab Turunnya Ayat Al-Qur’an. Edited by Aba Fira. Translated by Andi Muhammad Syahril and Yasir Maqasid. Cetakan II. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2015.
Ath-Thabari, Abu Ja’far Muhammad bin Jarir. Tafsir Ath-Thabari. Edited by Ahmad Abdurraziq Al-Bakri, Muhammad, Muhammad Adil, Muhammad Abdul Lathif Khalaf, and Mahmud Mursi Abdul Hamid. Cetakan I. Vol. 23. Jakarta Selatan: Pustaka Azzam, 2009.
Bauer, Susan Wise. Sejarah Dunia Abad Pertengahan: Dari Pertobatan Konstantinus Sampai Perang Salib Pertama. Cetakan 5. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo, 2023.
Bistara, Raha. “Virtue Ethics Aristoteles Dalam Kebijaksanaan Praktis Dan Politis Bagi Kepemimpinan Islam.” Aqlania: Jurnal Filsafat Dan Teologi Islam 11, no. 02 (2020): 179–96. https://doi.org/10.32678/aqlania.v11i2.3372.
Buana, Cahya. Sastra Arab Klasik; Seri Jahiliyah. Edited by Ahmad Ariyanto. Cetakan I. Malang: Literasi Nusantara, 2021.
Cano‐Hila, Ana Belén. “Understanding Social Inclusion in Contemporary Society: Challenges, Reflections, Limitations, and Proposals.” Cogitatio 10, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i2.5090.
Cedeño, Diana. “Social Exclusion and Inclusion: A Social Work Perspective.” Families in Society 104, no. 3 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/10443894221147576.
Chan, Tak Wing, and John H. Goldthorpe. “Class and Status: The Conceptual Distinction and Its Empirical Relevance.” American Sociological Review 72 (2007): 515–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240707200402.
Cuesta, Jose, Borja López-Noval, and Miguel Niño-Zarazúa. “Social Exclusion: Concepts, Measurement, and a Global Estimate.” Policy Research Working Paper Series 19, no. 2 (2022). http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099935306222234310.
Darmawijaya, Edi. “Stratifikasi Sosial, Sistem Kekerabatan Dan Relasi Gender Masyarakat Arab Pra Islam.” TAKAMMUL: Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam Serta Perlindungan Anak 6, no. 2 (2017): 132–51. https://doi.org/10.22373/t.v1i1.1366.
Diouf, Sylviane A. Servants of Allah; Jejak Perjuangan Budak Muslim Afrika Di Amerika. Edited by Indriani Grantika. Translated by Juslich Hanafi. Cetakan I. Jakarta Selatan: Republika, 2023.
Dozan, Wely. “Integrasi Pendekatan Hermeneutika Dan Sejarah Sebagai Pengembangan Studi Penafsiran Al-Qur’an Di Era Kontemporer.” TAZKIR: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Dan Keislaman 6, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.24952/tazkir.v6i2.3032.
Faoziyah, Sitti. “Inklusi Sosial Dalam Perspektif Keislaman: Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Sosial Untuk Semua.” Akselerasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional 5, no. 1 (2023): 47–56. https://ejournal.goacademica.com/index.php/ja/article/view/677/624.
Hitti, Philip K. History of The Arabs. Edited by Dedi Slamet Riyadi and Qamaruddin SF. Cetakan 1. Jakarta Selatan: Penerbit Qaf, 2024.
Hodgson, Marshall G. S. The Venture of Islam: Iman Dan Sejarah Dalam Peradaban Dunia (Masa Klasik Islam) Lahirnya Sebuah Tatanan Baru. Edited by Abu Maula. Translated by Mulyadhi Kartanagara. Cetakan 1. Vol. 1. Jakarta: Penerbit Paramadina, 1999.
Jones, Pip, Liza Bradbury, and Shaun Le Boutillier. Pengantar Teori-Teori Sosial (Dari Teori Fungsionaisme Hingga Post-Modernisme). Edited by Talcott Parsons. Translated by Achmad Fedyani Saifuddin. Edisi II. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2016.
Kurnia, Novi, Kurnia Indasah, and Aliftya Amarilisya. “Tren Kajian Media, Gender, Dan Inklusi Sosial Dalam Senarai Jurnal Komunikasi Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 20, no. 2 (2022): 117–33. https://doi.org/10.31315/jik.v20i2.6784.
Marozzi, Justin. Islamic Empires (Kota-Kota Yang Membentuk Peradaban: Dari Mekkah Hingga Dubai). Edited by Indriani Grantika. Translated by Priska Ghania. Cetakan I. Jakarta Selatan: Republika, 2024.
Mu’nis, Husain. Quraisy; Dari Kabilah Makkah Ke Peradaban Dunia. Edited by Muhammad Yasir. Cetakan I. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2022.
Muhammad Husain Haekal. Sejarah Hidup Muhammad. Translated by Ali Audah. Cetakan 36. Jakarta: Litera Antarnusa, 2008.
Mulia, Muji. “Teori ‘Asabiyyah Ibn Khaldun Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 3, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v3i2.5277.
Mutathohirin. “Isu-Isu Rasial Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an (Pendekatan Double Movement Fazlur Rahman).” Universitas Islam Negri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2017. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/26974/.
Naldi, Danu Resfi, Hafizul Mahfuzh, Zairil Hamit, and Ilhamuddin Arrasyid Matondang. “Sejarah Bangsa Arab Pra Islam.” Historia Madania 7, no. 2 (2023): 265–81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15575/hm.v7i2.30915.
Nasution, Ahmad Sayuti Anshari. “Perbudakan Dalam Hukum Islam.” Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam Dan Humaniora XV, no. 1 (2015). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2852.
Pamungkas, Jati. “Bentuk Pernikahan Arab Quraisy Pada Masa Jahiliyah Dan Perubahan Bentuk Pernikahan Di Masa Awal Islam.” Empirisma: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Kebudayaan Islam 31, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.30762/empirisma.v31i2.255.
Quthb, Sayyid. Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Qur’an; Di Bawah Naungan Al-Qur’an. Edited by Abdul Aziz Salim Basyarahil and Hidayat Nur Wahid. Translated by As’ad Yasin, Abdul Halyie Al-Kattani, Idris Abdul Shomad, Harjani Heftri, Ahmad Dumyati Bashori, Abu Ahmad ’lzi, Samson Rahman, et al. Vol. 10. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2004.
Rawal, Nabin. “Social Inclusion and Exclusion: A Review.” Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 2 (2008). https://doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v2i0.1362.
Shihab, Muhammad Quraish. Tafsir Al-Misbah; Pesan, Kesan Dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an. Vol. 12. Tanggerang Selatan: Lentera Hati, 2002.
———. Tafsir Al-Misbah; Pesan, Kesan Dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an. Vol. 9. Tanggerang Selatan: Lentera Hati, 2012.
Sugiyono, Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif Dan R&D. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta Bandung, 2014.
Syatri, Jonni, Reflita, Muhammad Fatichuddin, Imam Arif Purnawan, Harits Fadlly, Bisri Khikmawati Mustofa, Ali Massaid, Nurkaib, and Amanullah Halim. Makkiy & Madaniy; Periodesasi Pewahyuan Al-Qur’an. Edited by Muchlis Muhammad Hanaf. Cetakan I. Jakarta Timur: Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an, 2017.
Wijaya, Aksin. Sejarah Kenabian; Dalam Perspektif Tafsir Nuzuli Muhammad Izzat Darwazah. Edited by Ahmad Baiquni. Cetakan I. Bandung: Mizan, 2016.
Yahya, Yuangga Kurnia. “Pengaruh Penyebaran Islam Di Timur Tengah Dan Afrika Utara: Studi Geobudaya Dan Geopolitik.” Al-Tsaqafa : Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam 16, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v16i1.4272.
Zumrodi, Zumrodi. “Respon Hadis Terhadap Budaya Masyarakat Arab.” Riwayah : Jurnal Studi Hadis 3, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.21043/riwayah.v3i1.3441.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Devi Aulia Utami, John Supriyanto, Hedhri Nadhiran
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY NC 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
