Konstruksi Penemuan Hukum Islam dari Perilaku Kemanusian Nabi Ditinjau dari Maqashid Syariah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/substantia.v25i1.17668Keywords:
Istinbat Hukum, Perilaku Nabi, OtoritasAbstract
Prophet Muhammad SAW had two roles, as a messenger and an ordinary human being. However, the assumption of some people that the words of Prophet Muhammad as an ordinary human being are considered as religious obligations to be followed or avoided, this burdens the weight of practicing religion and eventually leads some of the community to ignore all religious teachings. In this study, the author wants to look at a clear format of the elements of sharia in the Prophet's Sunnah so that it can be used as a guide in finding laws and providing a clear understanding to the community about what teachings are truly part of the religion. This research is qualitative, with the main focus on studying the Prophet's actions as a basis for discovering laws. The study found that some of the Prophet's actions are not included in the elements of sharia, whether it is mandatory, recommended, or permissible by sharia law, so the hadiths in this category cannot be used as sharia law and are not binding on Muslims to follow them. The Prophet's actions related to worldly matters, such as being a head of state and a judge, customary practices, or human characteristics, cannot be used as a reference in establishing sharia law and are not part of Islamic teachings.
Abstrak: Nabi Muhammad SAW memiliki dua sifat, sebagai Rasul dan manusia biasa. Akan tetapi anggapan sebagian orang bahwa ucapan Nabi Muhammad selaku manusia biasa pun dianggap sebagai agama yang wajib diikuti atau dijauhi, hal ini membuat beban dalam beragama menjadi lebih berat dan akhirnya mendorong sebagian umat mengabaikan seluruh ajaran agama. Dalam kajian ini, penulis ingin melihat format yang jelas mengenai unsur-unsur syariat dalam Sunnah Nabi sehingga dapat dijadikan panduan dalam menemukan hukum dan memberi gambaran yang jelas kepada umat ajaran apa saja yang benar-benar bagian dari agama. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, fokus utama adalah kajian terhadap perbuatan Nabi sebagai dasar dalam penemuan hukum. Penelitian menemukan bahwa beberapa tindakan Nabi yang tidak termasuk dalam unsur syariat, baik itu hukum wajib, sunnah, atau mubah syar‘iyyah, sehingga hadis-hadis dalam kategori ini tidak bisa dijadikan sebagai hukum syariat dan tidak mengikat umat Islam untuk mengikutinya. Tindakan Nabi yang terkait dengan masalah dunia, seperti sebagai kepala negara dan hakim, kebiasaan adat, atau sifat kemanusiaan, tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan dalam menetapkan hukum syariah dan bukan bagian dari ajaran Islam.
References
Ahmad, Arifuddin. Paradigma Baru Memahami Hadis Nabi. 1st ed. Jakarta: Renaisan, 2005.
Al-‘Asqalani, Ahmad ibn ‘Ali ibn Hajar. Fath Al-Bari Syarh Sahih Al-Bukhari, Juz I. Cairo: Dar al-Taqwa, n.d.
Al-‘Asyur, Muhammad al-Tahir ibn. Maqasid Al-Syari‘ah Al-Islamiyyah. 1st ed. Tunisia: Maktabat al-Istiqamah, n.d.
Al-Asyqar, Muhammad Sulayman. Af‘al Al-Rasul Wa Dalalatuha ‘Ala Al-Ahkam Al-Syar’Iyyah, Juz 1. Amman: Dar al-Nafa’is, 2004.
Al-Dahlawi, Ahmad Syah Waliyullah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahim. Hujjat Allah Al-Balighah, Juz 1. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al- Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1995.
Al-Jawziyyah, Ibn al-Qayyim. I‘lam Al-Muwaqqi‘in ‘an Rabb Al-‘Alamin, Juz I. Beirut: Dar al-Jayl, n.d.
Al-Naysaburi, Abu al-Husayn Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-Qusyayri. Sahih Muslim. 1st ed. Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, 1991.
Al-Naysaburi, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj ibn Muslim al-Qusyayri. Sahih Muslim. 1st ed. Riyadh: Dar al-Salam, 1998.
Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Al-Sunnah Masdaran Li Al-Ma‘rifah Wa Al-Hadarah. Dar al-Syuruq, n.d.
Al-Qarafi, Ahmad ibn Idris. Al-Furuq Fi Anwar Al-Buruq Fi Anwa’i Al-Furuq, Jilid I. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al- Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1998.
Al-Qazwayni, Abu ‘Abdillah Muhammad ibn Yazid. Sunan Ibn Majah, Juz 1. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1995.
———. Sunan Ibn Majah, Juz 3. 1st ed. Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, 1998.
Al-Sarakhsi, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Sahl. Usul Al-Sarakhsi, Juz II. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al- Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1993.
Al-Turmudhi, Abu ‘Isa Muhammad ibn ‘Isa ibn Sawrah ibn Musa. Jami‘ Al-Turmudhi. 1st ed. Riyadh: Dar al-Salam, 1999.
Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah. Usul Al-Fiqh Al-Islami, Jilid 1. 2nd ed. Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr, 2004.
Ismail, Syuhudi. Hadis Nabi Yang Tekstual Dan Kontekstual. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1994.
Jakfar, Tarmizi M. Otoritas Sunnah Non-Tasyri‘iyyah Menurut Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi. 1st ed. Jokjakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media, 2011.
Khallaf, Abd al-Wahhab. ‘Ilm Usul Al-Fiqh. 12th ed. Dar al-Qalam, 1978.
Qutaybah, Abu Muhammad ‘Abdullah ibn Muslim ibn. Ta’wil Mukhtalif Al-Hadith. Beirut: Dar al- Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, n.d.
Rida, Muhammad Rasyid. Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Hakim (Tafsir Al-Manar), Jilid 9. 2nd ed. Dar al-Fikr, n.d.
Syaltut, Mahmud. Al-Islam ‘Aqidah Wa Syari‘Ah. 3rd ed. Dar al-Qalam, 1966.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).