Studi Kritik Hadis Perspektif Jonathan A.C. Brown (Analisis terhadap Three Tiered Method)

Abstract

This article aims to present the formulation of the hadith authenticity method formulated by Jonathan A. C. Brown in his theory named the Three-Tiered Method. This investigation is carried out through three steps; First, demands for a source of hadith, second, evaluates the reliability of that source, third, seeks corroboration for the hadith. Brown also argues that the third step is considered pivotal in hadith criticism. The more sources of the report, the more credible the report is. In the theory of historical evaluation of western scholar, such belief is called the criterion of multiple attestation. Briefly, quantity changes lead to quality changes. Therefore, the author's reflection on the issue relating to the hadith about the suggestion to wear a white dress (which has been criticise using this theory) proves this hadith to be authentic.

Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mempresentasikan formulasi metode autentisitas hadis yang dirumuskan oleh Jonathan A. C. Brown melalui teorinya Three Tiered Method. Investigasi hadis diaplikasikan dalam tiga langkah. Pertama, tuntutan adanya sumber hadis. Kedua, mengevaluasi keterpercayaan sumber hadis. Ketiga, mencari penguat sebuah hadis. Brown berpendapat bahwa langkah ketiga dianggap cukup krusial dalam kritik hadis. Semakin banyak sumber laporan maka akan muncul kepercayaan yang tinggi terhadap laporan tersebut. Dalam evaluasi historis versi Sarjana Barat, hal ini disebut kriteria pengesahan berganda (the criterion of multiple attestation). Pendek kata, kuantitas akan berubah menuju kualitas. Refleksi penulis dalam kasus hadis tentang anjuran berpakaian putih menggunakan teori tersebut membuktikan bahwa hadis ini otentik